Saturday, February 28, 2015
reward per head of militias and robotics criminals in Texas
Fkout robotics by gay Mexican and drug of lords in Dallas fort worth Texas,USA...they also carried nuclear and military weapons ..
Salomon as a kid ask for advise .....
Salomon prayer to the Creator of universe in the most simple way he request the knowledge since at early age he recognize the need for him to direct his people ,it was no other thoughts wondering in his mind but to please the Creator.....
1 Kings,3;7
" now o God,you have made your servant a king in place of mine father David,but I'm only a child and don't knew how to Carrie out mine duties,your servant is here among the people you have chosen .
A great people to numerous to count on number,so give your servant a discerning heart to govern your people and to distinguish between right and wrong,for who is able to govern this great people of yours"
God was pleased that Salomon had asked for this ,so The Creator said to him;
"Since you have asked for this and not for a long life or wealth for yourself ,nor have asked for the death of your enemies ,but for disernment in administering justice,I will do what you have asked ,I will do what you have asked ,I will give you a wise and diserning heart,so that never will be anyone like you ,nor there will be there ever be"....
The knoledge we obtain can be as simple stare to observe the Creation...
Is many passages where simple illustration make us a great observers in our time in our space for example Matthew ,6:25,26....that say:
Look at the birds of the air ; they don't sow or reap or store away in barns and yet your heavenly father feeds them...are you not much valuable that they?
But what he said about the flowers; Mattehew 6;28...
"See how the lilies of the field grow,they don't labor or spin , Yet I tell you that not even Salomon in all his splendor was dressed like one of these..."
SCI eccentric idiology is vandalizing humanity!
When sciense in question has billionarie supporters as manuntention.... Or donation part of relationship...
We been agresevely attack by org under "humm" billionaries with gay lovers in "hurv" sci...who pay the hate crimes...
Reward per info of hummks and hurv gay societies putting in motion their pervert ideas to bring young teenagers to the labor field as part of economic boost......result is prostitution ring of minors
what is not good is the proff of their pervercity ...nuclear better lost a acreage that lost the world rational adopting rituals
We dealing with sociopath Hindu and Britain from fraternities gay societies perverts sequestering our kids to cut clitorus and funk with monkey..... 1by one with Texas!
Fashionism or prostitution by gay societies!
The undeveloped age of girls in fashion ...
The new sexism,adopted by Putin who is in relationship with a Britain that look like 12 year old girl,they assume" that is what man like",perfectionism lead some individuals to belief they deserve the "virgin" .....
Friday, February 27, 2015
Eccentric desires can reach this far they called " CREATION OF ART"...the reason from this research is for many to understand why this smart cities who hide gangs have to be WYPE OFF!
Consumption of blood
Like Dracula and other literary vampires, some traditions of modern vampires drink blood, either animal or human, although human is preferred. They claim they need blood to make up for a deficiency of proper energy processing within the body, or that it helps them gain energy and strength.[3]
Sexuality and sexual practices
The link between vampirism and sexuality has been present even before Stoker’s Dracula. With the modern vampire movement, “eroticism has become so entwined with the contemporary vampire scene that popular vampire magazines, like Bloodstone, include previews of the latest vampire pornography, featuring combined acts of sex and blood-letting.”[2] This focus on sex and sexuality stems from vampire literature. In fact, sexual attraction was the most frequent response in a survey conducted among a group of 574 college and high school participants, where the participants were asked what they found most appealing about vampires and vampire literature.[4]
Sex researchers have documented cases of people with sexual (paraphilic) vampirism and autovampirism.[5][6]
Members of vampire subcultureEdit
Unlike what is commonly assumed, there are more members to the vampire society than simply those that drink blood. Such members tend to congregate into small clans, usually called covens or "houses," in a tribal culture to find acceptance among others that share their beliefs. Generally vampirism is not considered a religion but a spiritual or philosophical path.[7] There are also many modern vampires that are not part of a coven, but rather are solitary.[3] Most human vampires wear regular or ordinary clothes for the area they live in to avoid discrimination.[2] In addition, there are hybrids, human vampires that take both blood and energy.[3] There are three main types of vampires lifestylers.
Psychic vampires
Psi-vamps are another kind of human vampire that claim to attain nourishment from the aura, psychic energy, or pranic energy of others.[2][3] They believe one must feed from this energy to balance a spiritual or psychological energy deficiency such as a damaged aura or chakra.
The vampire lifestyle or vampire subculture is an alternative lifestyle, based on the modern perception of vampires in popular fiction. The vampire subculture has stemmed largely from the goth subculture,[1] but also incorporates some elements of the sadomasochism subculture. The Internet provides a prevalent forum for the subculture along with other media such as glossy magazines devoted to the topic.[2]
Many self-professed vampires actively resent the term "lifestylers," as this tends to carry the connotation that vampirism is not real. Some vampires actually use the term as a pejorative for role-players.[citation needed]
Active vampirism within the vampire subculture includes both sanguinarian vampirism, which involves blood consumption,[2] and psychic vampirism, whose practitioners believe they are drawing spiritual nourishment from auric or pranic energy.
ONE THING....LEADS TO OTHER....
The term sadomasochism is derived from the words sadism and masochism. These terms differ somewhat from the same terms used in psychology, since those require that the sadism or masochism cause significant distress or involve non-consenting partners.[19] Sadomasochism refers to the aspects of BDSM surrounding the exchange of physical or emotional pain. Sadism describes sexual pleasure derived by inflicting pain, degradation, humiliation on another person or causing another person to suffer. On the other hand, the masochist enjoys being hurt, humiliated, or suffering within the consensual scenario.[3] Sadomasochistic scenes sometimes reach a level that appear more extreme or cruel than other forms of BDSM—for example, when a masochist is brought to tears or is severely bruised—and is occasionally unwelcome at BDSM events or parties.[citation needed] Sadomasochism does not imply enjoyment through causing or receiving pain in other situations (for example, accidental injury, medical procedures).[citation needed]
The terms sadism and masochism are derived from the names of the Marquis de Sade and Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, based on the content of the authors' works. Although the names of the Sade and Sacher-Masoch are attached to the terms sadism and masochism respectively, the scenes described in Sade's works do not meet modern BDSM standards of informed consent.[20] BDSM is solely based on consensual activities, and based on its system and laws, the concepts presented by Sade are not agreed upon the BDSM culture, even though they are sadistic in nature.[12] In 1843 the Hungarian physician Heinrich Kaan published Psychopathia sexualis ("Psychopathy of Sex"), a writing in which he converts the sin conceptions of Christianity into medical diagnoses. With his work the originally theological terms "perversion", "aberration" and "deviation" became part of the scientific terminology for the first time.[dubious ] The German psychiatrist Richard von Krafft Ebing introduced the terms "Sadism" and "Masochism" to the medical community in his work Neue Forschungen auf dem Gebiet der Psychopathia sexualis ("New research in the area of Psychopathy of Sex") in 1890.[21]
In 1905, Sigmund Freud described "Sadism" and "Masochism" in his Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie ("Three papers on Sexual theory") as diseases developing from an incorrect development of the child psyche and laid the groundwork for the scientific perspective on the subject in the following decades. This led to the first time use of the compound term Sado-Masochism (German "Sado-Masochismus") by the Viennese Psychoanalytic Isidor Isaak Sadger in its work Über den sado-masochistischen Komplex ("Regarding the sadomasochistic complex") in 1913.[22]
In the later 20th century, BDSM activists have protested against these conceptual models. Not only were these models were derived from the philosophies of two singular historical figures. Both Freud and Krafft-Ebing were psychiatrists. Their observations on Sadism and Masochism were dependent on psychiatric patients, and their models were built on the assumption of Psychopathology.[23] BDSM activists[who?] argue that it is illogical to attribute human behavioural phenomena as complex as sadism and masochism to the 'inventions' of two historic individuals. Advocates of BDSM[who?] have sought to distinguish themselves from widely held notions of antiquated psychiatric theory by the adoption of the initialized term, "BDSM" as a distinction from the now common usage of those psychological terms, abbreviated as "S&M".[citation needed]
In contrast to frameworks seeking to explain sadomasochism through psychological, psychoanalytic, medical or forensic approaches, which seek to categorize behavior and desires and find a root "cause," Romana Byrne suggests that such practices can be seen as examples of "aesthetic sexuality," in which a founding physiological or psychological impulse is irrelevant. Rather, sadism and masochism may be practiced through choice and deliberation, driven by certain aesthetic goals tied to style, pleasure, and identity. These practices, in certain circumstances and contexts, can be compared with the creation of art.[24]
Like Dracula and other literary vampires, some traditions of modern vampires drink blood, either animal or human, although human is preferred. They claim they need blood to make up for a deficiency of proper energy processing within the body, or that it helps them gain energy and strength.[3]
Sexuality and sexual practices
The link between vampirism and sexuality has been present even before Stoker’s Dracula. With the modern vampire movement, “eroticism has become so entwined with the contemporary vampire scene that popular vampire magazines, like Bloodstone, include previews of the latest vampire pornography, featuring combined acts of sex and blood-letting.”[2] This focus on sex and sexuality stems from vampire literature. In fact, sexual attraction was the most frequent response in a survey conducted among a group of 574 college and high school participants, where the participants were asked what they found most appealing about vampires and vampire literature.[4]
Sex researchers have documented cases of people with sexual (paraphilic) vampirism and autovampirism.[5][6]
Members of vampire subcultureEdit
Unlike what is commonly assumed, there are more members to the vampire society than simply those that drink blood. Such members tend to congregate into small clans, usually called covens or "houses," in a tribal culture to find acceptance among others that share their beliefs. Generally vampirism is not considered a religion but a spiritual or philosophical path.[7] There are also many modern vampires that are not part of a coven, but rather are solitary.[3] Most human vampires wear regular or ordinary clothes for the area they live in to avoid discrimination.[2] In addition, there are hybrids, human vampires that take both blood and energy.[3] There are three main types of vampires lifestylers.
Psychic vampires
Psi-vamps are another kind of human vampire that claim to attain nourishment from the aura, psychic energy, or pranic energy of others.[2][3] They believe one must feed from this energy to balance a spiritual or psychological energy deficiency such as a damaged aura or chakra.
The vampire lifestyle or vampire subculture is an alternative lifestyle, based on the modern perception of vampires in popular fiction. The vampire subculture has stemmed largely from the goth subculture,[1] but also incorporates some elements of the sadomasochism subculture. The Internet provides a prevalent forum for the subculture along with other media such as glossy magazines devoted to the topic.[2]
Many self-professed vampires actively resent the term "lifestylers," as this tends to carry the connotation that vampirism is not real. Some vampires actually use the term as a pejorative for role-players.[citation needed]
Active vampirism within the vampire subculture includes both sanguinarian vampirism, which involves blood consumption,[2] and psychic vampirism, whose practitioners believe they are drawing spiritual nourishment from auric or pranic energy.
ONE THING....LEADS TO OTHER....
The term sadomasochism is derived from the words sadism and masochism. These terms differ somewhat from the same terms used in psychology, since those require that the sadism or masochism cause significant distress or involve non-consenting partners.[19] Sadomasochism refers to the aspects of BDSM surrounding the exchange of physical or emotional pain. Sadism describes sexual pleasure derived by inflicting pain, degradation, humiliation on another person or causing another person to suffer. On the other hand, the masochist enjoys being hurt, humiliated, or suffering within the consensual scenario.[3] Sadomasochistic scenes sometimes reach a level that appear more extreme or cruel than other forms of BDSM—for example, when a masochist is brought to tears or is severely bruised—and is occasionally unwelcome at BDSM events or parties.[citation needed] Sadomasochism does not imply enjoyment through causing or receiving pain in other situations (for example, accidental injury, medical procedures).[citation needed]
The terms sadism and masochism are derived from the names of the Marquis de Sade and Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, based on the content of the authors' works. Although the names of the Sade and Sacher-Masoch are attached to the terms sadism and masochism respectively, the scenes described in Sade's works do not meet modern BDSM standards of informed consent.[20] BDSM is solely based on consensual activities, and based on its system and laws, the concepts presented by Sade are not agreed upon the BDSM culture, even though they are sadistic in nature.[12] In 1843 the Hungarian physician Heinrich Kaan published Psychopathia sexualis ("Psychopathy of Sex"), a writing in which he converts the sin conceptions of Christianity into medical diagnoses. With his work the originally theological terms "perversion", "aberration" and "deviation" became part of the scientific terminology for the first time.[dubious ] The German psychiatrist Richard von Krafft Ebing introduced the terms "Sadism" and "Masochism" to the medical community in his work Neue Forschungen auf dem Gebiet der Psychopathia sexualis ("New research in the area of Psychopathy of Sex") in 1890.[21]
In 1905, Sigmund Freud described "Sadism" and "Masochism" in his Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie ("Three papers on Sexual theory") as diseases developing from an incorrect development of the child psyche and laid the groundwork for the scientific perspective on the subject in the following decades. This led to the first time use of the compound term Sado-Masochism (German "Sado-Masochismus") by the Viennese Psychoanalytic Isidor Isaak Sadger in its work Über den sado-masochistischen Komplex ("Regarding the sadomasochistic complex") in 1913.[22]
In the later 20th century, BDSM activists have protested against these conceptual models. Not only were these models were derived from the philosophies of two singular historical figures. Both Freud and Krafft-Ebing were psychiatrists. Their observations on Sadism and Masochism were dependent on psychiatric patients, and their models were built on the assumption of Psychopathology.[23] BDSM activists[who?] argue that it is illogical to attribute human behavioural phenomena as complex as sadism and masochism to the 'inventions' of two historic individuals. Advocates of BDSM[who?] have sought to distinguish themselves from widely held notions of antiquated psychiatric theory by the adoption of the initialized term, "BDSM" as a distinction from the now common usage of those psychological terms, abbreviated as "S&M".[citation needed]
In contrast to frameworks seeking to explain sadomasochism through psychological, psychoanalytic, medical or forensic approaches, which seek to categorize behavior and desires and find a root "cause," Romana Byrne suggests that such practices can be seen as examples of "aesthetic sexuality," in which a founding physiological or psychological impulse is irrelevant. Rather, sadism and masochism may be practiced through choice and deliberation, driven by certain aesthetic goals tied to style, pleasure, and identity. These practices, in certain circumstances and contexts, can be compared with the creation of art.[24]
figure out...anf fkout!
The hooks ANK....are all as follow
Cops,artks ,UK's,onks,humms ak
Hunts AC, hums ac.....snipers
URLs,urbs,ups ulps,...sci in studies for technologies and medicine....together in some how...
The reason I expose the title of this organizations gangs or cults is because is how they made a system and when one org, or individual is in disadvantage the other one jump to attack,and during all this time the trillionaries responsables of this configuration of powers observe the aggression.
like in mine case Arabs,sci,and politics like Vladimir Putin observe the attack but don't do nothing...than is when I law suit their trasherous system or way of ruling indirectly participating and pretend to Denie me the right of having the profit of law suit from mine aggressors ,so they can keep that money to keep themselves in power as a back up no one will reach...
Since they been attempt against mine life I reject them as allies because they don't behave like one since many like Vladimir Putin who has Britain females work for him that have been atemp against mine safety...
I will said that the trip to Germany was in some how successful since all brithains and German mix with such unwanted UK beings are been remove from "Homeland security and antiterrorism" positions , by the army for been the suspicious and intellectuals of invasion to commit genocide..
Cops,artks ,UK's,onks,humms ak
Hunts AC, hums ac.....snipers
URLs,urbs,ups ulps,...sci in studies for technologies and medicine....together in some how...
The reason I expose the title of this organizations gangs or cults is because is how they made a system and when one org, or individual is in disadvantage the other one jump to attack,and during all this time the trillionaries responsables of this configuration of powers observe the aggression.
like in mine case Arabs,sci,and politics like Vladimir Putin observe the attack but don't do nothing...than is when I law suit their trasherous system or way of ruling indirectly participating and pretend to Denie me the right of having the profit of law suit from mine aggressors ,so they can keep that money to keep themselves in power as a back up no one will reach...
Since they been attempt against mine life I reject them as allies because they don't behave like one since many like Vladimir Putin who has Britain females work for him that have been atemp against mine safety...
I will said that the trip to Germany was in some how successful since all brithains and German mix with such unwanted UK beings are been remove from "Homeland security and antiterrorism" positions , by the army for been the suspicious and intellectuals of invasion to commit genocide..
one by one with India sexually assaulting daughters
After the hummba ak is track his gangs need to be eliminated..."hummba ak Chias"....Mexican black orks in prostitution.....pedophiles run to Mexico after assault....
India's stupidity of enforcement robotics
India's stupidity of enforcement robotics
Lidership is not a game of fashionism and money but knoledge to defeated the enemy.....the bible our sword!
Read the book of proverbs.....
Like you read your favorite book,draw a picture of your favorite passage,a write why you like this knoledgeable phrases !!!
We don't need them......after hide assessine orks in smart cities under gay societies
We now knew what they have in common as leaders pretty much same point of view regarding humanity.....
" if you ddon't have money....don't eat"
the master mind Indu or Africa..or wrong being mixture.....question
Frozen accounts from "Hummba..AC". "Or Hummva AK?... Mastermind in worldwide war movements....he directly here gangs to agraviate me include sci AK..Law suit by Dimetrious from Russia...
Thursday, February 26, 2015
scientist with robotics will be wype off....Vladimir Putin suspicious for having brithain stuff folowing me to german
Reject any London or England scientist who has been dismember the urinary track to adapt ducts to drainage body fluids from body were they create cavities to adapt robotics devices...
They do same with reproductive system,digestive system brain heart valves..
Law suit responsables in Dallas Texas who link to England...
They do same with reproductive system,digestive system brain heart valves..
Law suit responsables in Dallas Texas who link to England...
fkout wype off sci.....my war against scientist prostitution ring...,to keep allies away
A bomb schedule for Dallas forth worth assessine Alicante orkd communities and hospitals in sequestration to diform....pig mess with hype and spinal again
Wednesday, February 25, 2015
NY and Texas cops with SCI...have to be Fkout
Dogs of whom fkout in dfw Texas
Gangs of robotics hackers and pedophiles in police are taking a messages or following a criminal path of stealing.....in NY a bitch steal identity passing as me to steal the houses and properties from mine kids
This sci with police have to be fkout
Gangs of robotics hackers and pedophiles in police are taking a messages or following a criminal path of stealing.....in NY a bitch steal identity passing as me to steal the houses and properties from mine kids
This sci with police have to be fkout
he is harming nerve on shoulder and brain
1 billion
Per head sci in technology oaks ac in lagarde airport NY
Argentine pigs accused of insanity and winning a trophy,Mexican organ harvesting and winning a trophy...are you idiots
Arabs will be law suit for witnesses trougth the system they create
Argentines for falsify documents and signatures
NY police for laser disarmed citizen
Stare remove banks acc
Fkout remote or any equipment to attract satellite signl they keep nothing the head....stupid orks in plane carried....crash their equipment..
Their carried suitcase or backpack with remotes....law suit per minute...
Why army never rest
He keep laser to hit the head....
Per head sci in technology oaks ac in lagarde airport NY
Argentine pigs accused of insanity and winning a trophy,Mexican organ harvesting and winning a trophy...are you idiots
Arabs will be law suit for witnesses trougth the system they create
Argentines for falsify documents and signatures
NY police for laser disarmed citizen
Stare remove banks acc
Fkout remote or any equipment to attract satellite signl they keep nothing the head....stupid orks in plane carried....crash their equipment..
Their carried suitcase or backpack with remotes....law suit per minute...
Why army never rest
He keep laser to hit the head....
sci in technologies pay 800 billion per human being to brithain
Law suit studies for technologies in robotics for embryo trafiking human tafiking and organ harvesting.....
A group of despot Britain 'German and American try to sale humans over 800billions......
Investigate same cult named UK's for stealing money from mine accounts immediately
Don't allow sci in robotics take power over world fkout scientist for damage to mine body....
A group of despot Britain 'German and American try to sale humans over 800billions......
Investigate same cult named UK's for stealing money from mine accounts immediately
Don't allow sci in robotics take power over world fkout scientist for damage to mine body....
Tuesday, February 24, 2015
another death and day is not over!
"OAKs" Arks.....the intellectual of set security by robotize citizen anus and self enrich men...... Not such a security!
Monday, February 23, 2015
psychoanalising I find a scientist monster pretend to remobe everything to leave human cammuflage to be stuffed with robotics
The sci who try to hide what robotics is doing inside of uterus,acid on the uterus wall ,the reason is to remove the reproductive system to use the "space"to insert robotics....the idiology of the pig who try to direct their experimentation stealing breast tissue and replace it with fluids..to prevent been discover that breast will be mutilate to insert cameras in aurolas from breast the stupidity of this criminal man
Where is mine science... Get all sci who witnesses this projects to be wype off,this is a hate crime from gay to women
Where is mine science... Get all sci who witnesses this projects to be wype off,this is a hate crime from gay to women
fkout gangs alicantes in DFW
Television and network to have something to show keep with bestiallity...
Mexican Britain in" humm ok' "gangs....monks .ak'......agk, og.....in sci...Fkout in embryo trafikers...
Mexican Britain in" humm ok' "gangs....monks .ak'......agk, og.....in sci...Fkout in embryo trafikers...
Sunday, February 22, 2015
Brithons'Audi,and robotics from plano texas in Germany......
It is unfortunate that after been reach far in this war of criminal organization by networks around the world.....
a group of prostitutes and gay try to take advantage of situation to sale a Sircus made out of prostitutes ring,lords of drugs in conjunction with networks,porno wiretapping and robotization to enforce it
....teaching the "buyers" how it works by hithing a person from far and unotice to make any TV show to laught to increment the "sale".....!
They consentrate in Germany trying to sale the world trought the anus of gay society!
a group of prostitutes and gay try to take advantage of situation to sale a Sircus made out of prostitutes ring,lords of drugs in conjunction with networks,porno wiretapping and robotization to enforce it
....teaching the "buyers" how it works by hithing a person from far and unotice to make any TV show to laught to increment the "sale".....!
They consentrate in Germany trying to sale the world trought the anus of gay society!
1 billion per sci in technologies with robotics
Law suit airport authority in robotics and the science for manipulating the devices in vagina causing infection and kidney pain....1billion per his head
say no to robotics
We have to end with vicious morbocity of California-Putin....communication network by fraternities ....
You ear about illegally wiretapping mine or any image report it ...north cornea will law suit,hunt and wype off...
Enough of Russia lies,gay from NY,LA,UK,MX.....
You ear about illegally wiretapping mine or any image report it ...north cornea will law suit,hunt and wype off...
Enough of Russia lies,gay from NY,LA,UK,MX.....
One billion per head...sci who dismember
A confession from scientist in fraternities has been put the world in emergency status
They said;
Been a scientist is not a full satisfaction
As a difference in the fraternities they will have all freedoms of experimentation,as a reason they been punch the world with all type of illegal practices ,experimenting bestiallity with humans, mechanics in humans,nuclear or atoms in humans ,contaminate the pharmaceutic field,fungicidal contaminated the environment,and with the goal of reach Mars as a last wish list.....
Scientist follow the human flesh ritual,their psychological manipulation of control mind lecture and the blood draining from infants ,orgies of homosexuality prostitution and the buy of wives from prostitution rings,to accept their life style without fear of been discover in their macabre maniuvers to keep loyalty in the cult...
And the embryo trafiking to steal the wealth of the victim
Since USA presidents to ,middle east kings, European billionaries they wanted to keep Rosechild ritual of "everything or nothing"......
I wanted to condemned the abusive behaviour of this sci for sequestered me to steal bones joins from hype,they also suspicious of stealing egg from uterus and 2embryous belong to a scientist who rape me to obtain money, the ovarium wanted to sale it to a younger women for Russian and African to withdrawal money....
They also cut a nerve from uterus that reproduce hormones, with excuse that was for "sexuallity purpose a singer desire"Enough of this sci dismember to personal enrich themselves...
Will be persecute for life...offer right now a billion per head!!!
They said;
Been a scientist is not a full satisfaction
As a difference in the fraternities they will have all freedoms of experimentation,as a reason they been punch the world with all type of illegal practices ,experimenting bestiallity with humans, mechanics in humans,nuclear or atoms in humans ,contaminate the pharmaceutic field,fungicidal contaminated the environment,and with the goal of reach Mars as a last wish list.....
Scientist follow the human flesh ritual,their psychological manipulation of control mind lecture and the blood draining from infants ,orgies of homosexuality prostitution and the buy of wives from prostitution rings,to accept their life style without fear of been discover in their macabre maniuvers to keep loyalty in the cult...
And the embryo trafiking to steal the wealth of the victim
Since USA presidents to ,middle east kings, European billionaries they wanted to keep Rosechild ritual of "everything or nothing"......
I wanted to condemned the abusive behaviour of this sci for sequestered me to steal bones joins from hype,they also suspicious of stealing egg from uterus and 2embryous belong to a scientist who rape me to obtain money, the ovarium wanted to sale it to a younger women for Russian and African to withdrawal money....
They also cut a nerve from uterus that reproduce hormones, with excuse that was for "sexuallity purpose a singer desire"Enough of this sci dismember to personal enrich themselves...
Will be persecute for life...offer right now a billion per head!!!
Saturday, February 21, 2015
Can't denie we knew all about it!
China is under attack by India trought china technology,they move agressevely after found out the money still up there by corrupt sciense in question...
Americans still in the intention to exterminate mine DNA to empower of that money, since many sci fraternities belong to robotics investors who resides in USA by Annks..... The police gangs of control mind criminals.
Iran is considers a allie indirectly by keep with their aceptation of frozen mine wealth, its poor collaboration in visa proceedings,and no objections on some of their desicions...
Russia is been put aside for also indirectly collaborate with many investors receiving money to fight the opposition that many happen to be investors...
Americans still in the intention to exterminate mine DNA to empower of that money, since many sci fraternities belong to robotics investors who resides in USA by Annks..... The police gangs of control mind criminals.
Iran is considers a allie indirectly by keep with their aceptation of frozen mine wealth, its poor collaboration in visa proceedings,and no objections on some of their desicions...
Russia is been put aside for also indirectly collaborate with many investors receiving money to fight the opposition that many happen to be investors...
Friday, February 20, 2015
Frankford airport in getmany needs to be psychoanalyse its authority ...or law suit
Police and robotics in airport----attack severely laser the left feet no tolerance in hate crimes by unprofessional civil servants passing as cops.....
Law suit the psychopat or fkout for been a beast...he sure is the one who needs dicipline
Law suit the psychopat or fkout for been a beast...he sure is the one who needs dicipline
Thursday, February 19, 2015
Robotics,Gay Society andere hate crimes by the Sci in question
Law suite boomst mobil indu Tracking,hacking,and disable with Tablets Säle by its Company or Remobe Product Out of market by rembourse Money for intrude private property since we pay for tablet item plus Service.........
Track Latin Gay in German and englisch with Irish WHO Buy a Train compartment for their Museum were they caramelize their Gay Friends WHO Stare it. A Massacre in Russia äs his wish Dream.psychoanalizing their movements Big spendin to Export a Train compartment to ist Gay caramelized Seat by the window äs remembrance .....Big Spenders dont have Limit....
Robotics is been Track the hotel and been install Equipment around The room Causing abrations in Eyeliner,Tötungen,bleeding ear,and drain fluids in nose mouth and Brain causing Kindney infection.....fkout Blacks from California and newyork......with Latin Woman helps and German in question....
Track Latin Gay in German and englisch with Irish WHO Buy a Train compartment for their Museum were they caramelize their Gay Friends WHO Stare it. A Massacre in Russia äs his wish Dream.psychoanalizing their movements Big spendin to Export a Train compartment to ist Gay caramelized Seat by the window äs remembrance .....Big Spenders dont have Limit....
Robotics is been Track the hotel and been install Equipment around The room Causing abrations in Eyeliner,Tötungen,bleeding ear,and drain fluids in nose mouth and Brain causing Kindney infection.....fkout Blacks from California and newyork......with Latin Woman helps and German in question....
Wednesday, February 18, 2015
masturbating you with laser or robotics to create a scene for their porno control mind films
Your tolerance with gay society question your humosexuallity...
Robotics scenes creating a environment of pornography with characters
acting for you,to control your mind,....
Once and again this gay robotics for studies in technology reveal their pervercity to induce people into their orgies by scenes create by them to be accepted as gay,the network and robotics pretend the world to belief they can control your mind taking you into relaxation to masturbating to enforce their hipotesis of having control of your mind.... Assuming you were in the porno scene acting as they predicted...
Reward per head on any billlionarie in robotics inducing people trougth their gay society......
Ham ak, ,and humm ak, hunt ak,and any sci in technologies studies are going to be wype off......a promise from me!
Remove any money from allies in their movement, they have the Russians on scenes as part of the withneses experimentation"creation of porno films"
Robotics scenes creating a environment of pornography with characters
acting for you,to control your mind,....
Once and again this gay robotics for studies in technology reveal their pervercity to induce people into their orgies by scenes create by them to be accepted as gay,the network and robotics pretend the world to belief they can control your mind taking you into relaxation to masturbating to enforce their hipotesis of having control of your mind.... Assuming you were in the porno scene acting as they predicted...
Reward per head on any billlionarie in robotics inducing people trougth their gay society......
Ham ak, ,and humm ak, hunt ak,and any sci in technologies studies are going to be wype off......a promise from me!
Remove any money from allies in their movement, they have the Russians on scenes as part of the withneses experimentation"creation of porno films"
The Goal to kill with robotics is to keep our wealth...
The ambiguous meaning of one system worldwide
Police experimenting robotics with citizen...regardless Vladimir Putin denied,India's goal of conquer countries by enforce it with robotics in brain...
The science involve collaborate with criminals by diagnostic victims of anything to disable them from defend themselves specially steal money...
The network bussines in another hand make a sircus out of their illegal wiretapping making people struggle to lauggt and assure will meet the requirements for that sciense in question keep victims encarcelate in their robotics and network investment worldwide...
I condem the sciense and identities in question to be execute for the illegal experimentation to jeopardize health and kill victims to steal money..
Police experimenting robotics with citizen...regardless Vladimir Putin denied,India's goal of conquer countries by enforce it with robotics in brain...
The science involve collaborate with criminals by diagnostic victims of anything to disable them from defend themselves specially steal money...
The network bussines in another hand make a sircus out of their illegal wiretapping making people struggle to lauggt and assure will meet the requirements for that sciense in question keep victims encarcelate in their robotics and network investment worldwide...
I condem the sciense and identities in question to be execute for the illegal experimentation to jeopardize health and kill victims to steal money..
fkout pigs in robotics
Fkout Irish embryo trafiker for bring police from around the world to practice robotics....
execution to the tieft.... regarles political position
Putin and pest of mafia get happy when find out money from Paul Koch and other were put in someone else name.....
I going to be sure you all been persecute to execution with documents in hand that money is under mine name from them as gifth.
I going to be sure you all been persecute to execution with documents in hand that money is under mine name from them as gifth.
denie the right to have money in mine name by thieft that are responsable of running a persecution as excuse too kerp the money
Been working decently to earn money to spend only what I have, private myself of many things...
But what is not acceptable is the orbit project has been !make the ones in charge of that project to widraw kids money to cover the orbit project...
Just to enlisted some money missing endorse to mine name that should be in mine possession;
Paul koch
George Osborne
United kingdom law suit against queen Elisabeth
Robotic insurances law suit money
Besidesd other law suits
Responsables will be executed....
But what is not acceptable is the orbit project has been !make the ones in charge of that project to widraw kids money to cover the orbit project...
Just to enlisted some money missing endorse to mine name that should be in mine possession;
Paul koch
George Osborne
United kingdom law suit against queen Elisabeth
Robotic insurances law suit money
Besidesd other law suits
Responsables will be executed....
Tuesday, February 17, 2015
Frozen any sci accounts in Germany
Fkout and hunt the Hunts - annks,humm-annks......robotics assessines frozen the account from any sci in technologies in Germany for attempting against mine life with robotics
Criminal tiefth from arround the world are the billionarie supporting gangs,morbosity path trought sattellite...bring Faces out
Track signal from outsiders networks stealing routers signals in hhotel to brake inn,the pigs upstairs are the"remote" ,for those networks who has been transmitted trough robotics from mine eyes are the criminal organizations who are harming my health Carrie all this devices that are causing internal bleeding ,black marks around eyes and infections...
A militias from Mexicans lead by brithains and German investors of robotics are the masterminds besides India
Predators from robotics. Are following same vulgar path touching mine breast with laser,vagina,burning blood bezels on forehead and pinch like niddle inside of skin tissue...
A militias from Mexicans lead by brithains and German investors of robotics are the masterminds besides India
Predators from robotics. Are following same vulgar path touching mine breast with laser,vagina,burning blood bezels on forehead and pinch like niddle inside of skin tissue...
Monday, February 16, 2015
the senses in the enviroment brake the walls of borders by observe the motion of the world...not the individual!!!
Traveling around the world,I will say the experience of its own culture,with its own living style and architecture in remembrance of the past,the environment is slightly in the move of the disastrous movement from a unwanted lineage,.....
The opposition presume that was necessary to open the door to a new technologies that will take the place of humanity in the work sector,and the species with human anatomy..."I will remark it since the sci in technology studies compare humans as any other creation in the world" that from this idiology from them the new humans pass to be the "hybrids" without issues of gender preference, religion bugs perturbathing its on councious where is no soul to be in guiltiness in the matter of execute a order,and their introductory way of promote this suposely new species "agile,versatile,almost systematic way of thinking,because automatic is already adjust in his controlled mind to interact with the rest of the world,... humans that happen to be all of us....the old strange humanity!
I will recognize that in some how the moral we obtain with the limits for protection of been in unwanted temptations that will change the normal path from our life is what is been help this countries to keep rolling without the head on a goberment since the modernism from the opposition has been trow the country trough the window...with the illegal wiretapping with the networks and television creating a web net of espionage exposing our privacy to criminals that are been invade the country silently.....
The opposition presume that was necessary to open the door to a new technologies that will take the place of humanity in the work sector,and the species with human anatomy..."I will remark it since the sci in technology studies compare humans as any other creation in the world" that from this idiology from them the new humans pass to be the "hybrids" without issues of gender preference, religion bugs perturbathing its on councious where is no soul to be in guiltiness in the matter of execute a order,and their introductory way of promote this suposely new species "agile,versatile,almost systematic way of thinking,because automatic is already adjust in his controlled mind to interact with the rest of the world,... humans that happen to be all of us....the old strange humanity!
I will recognize that in some how the moral we obtain with the limits for protection of been in unwanted temptations that will change the normal path from our life is what is been help this countries to keep rolling without the head on a goberment since the modernism from the opposition has been trow the country trough the window...with the illegal wiretapping with the networks and television creating a web net of espionage exposing our privacy to criminals that are been invade the country silently.....
Gay society in charge of Washington and robotics.....law suit
Washington illegally brake into countries to practice. High risk scientific experimentation, I by my own law suit USAfor the harrasment of follow me to FFrankford Germany with the "alpha" team that is nothing but cheap labors of Mexican drug of lords pretend to usethe small town where the hothel is locate,....
They experimenting boiling blood with atoms with knowledge of embryo in development on vagina......fkill gay in question vandalizing women reproduction system and attempting against mine life
They experimenting boiling blood with atoms with knowledge of embryo in development on vagina......fkill gay in question vandalizing women reproduction system and attempting against mine life
Sunday, February 15, 2015
Enought of your morvocity observing and.....get in a heat!
Is no secret that we ccan't find out....
Arabs in question are going to be law suit for been withneses the sequestration that almos cost my life same on my daughter today when she was sequestered by texas pigs and mexican criminals....
Irish,English,... and India terrorising to approve security for terrorism!
"Ron"...a exparamilitary from the war of Irak ,kill in mine war named " dump the peest"......
Irish create a enviromen similar when he stare it the invasion around the world...
Presume he will return for revenge...... The point is this criminal organization who try to mobilize their militia is economically support by India assassinations of sultan,kings,or zar on his country....
Same solution "who knock downa tiefth it will get the perdon" plus the money steal.....JA!
Irish create a enviromen similar when he stare it the invasion around the world...
Presume he will return for revenge...... The point is this criminal organization who try to mobilize their militia is economically support by India assassinations of sultan,kings,or zar on his country....
Same solution "who knock downa tiefth it will get the perdon" plus the money steal.....JA!
mafia and can iminal organization means same as terrorism and politics in corruption
Network and TV communication can winn with their pest of gay society bestiallity practice and criminal organization creating terror attacks to call attention for TV prostitutes in question can promote illegal weapons and ambiguous meaning on laws.....
Blood lineage for life....for Salomon Osborne
The dream from a man to have his son keep a loyal lineage of warriors for the good and will be .....Salomond land like his name Salomon Osborne will be the lider of a new country with highighest technology allow only his blood lineage to share this privilege..!
how far can Washington will get using security
Television hackers in frankford Germany...law suit police suspicious of terrorist attack in Germany, to promote"security" with robotics...Washington DC,out of trustable zone
allies failure
Fail k...German television by hook and France their genius plan to steal money steal me be finger prints to create a crime and build false accusation allies failure
The untrustable behaviour of france one time when I visit Switzerland by Gucci I 'm ,not perdon been expose like this anymore
The untrustable behaviour of france one time when I visit Switzerland by Gucci I 'm ,not perdon been expose like this anymore
fkout pest in germany Irish and brithain pass as german and use pedophiles wives to attack
No one has been arrive at airport....except the mafia by reply taly and Mexican hair stylist probablybto color some puppets hair llike mine....you all are late!
track the texans and new york ORKS with indu in robottics
Hurts AK...in Germany with robotics...who join the in army of police
fkout latin networks and robotics allies
Police in Germany collaborate with criminals in robotics...
STOP thief in Germany
Don't allow w India steal money in Germany for their sciense in industrial robotics excuse to introduce it to be inserted in humans
Saturday, February 14, 2015
Warning......gay society is in sci to assessinate to obtain power
In the madness to persecute the criminal Alicante's.....
Forget army and gay society were tracking sciense in power of particleand laser....
Network eenvironment of relaxing to advance is been distracted the team in opposition of their onesystems bestiallity and pedopile...
Forget army and gay society were tracking sciense in power of particleand laser....
Network eenvironment of relaxing to advance is been distracted the team in opposition of their onesystems bestiallity and pedopile...
Enought.....of acting in powerless lecture of tiefth!
European economist can run their sircus with their own pennies!
Brithain failure projects that endanger humanity,and system that open doors to vandalism from all poles,for example: drug of lords in collecting human hybrids mix with cats...
Or sci new hybride gay experimentation creating a illutionary image of a "new human species" by softh genes result of substances mix with a well learn lecture for victims brain washing by sci in question convince them , that they are nothing but another creation in the world like the animals but more domesticate ending in gay transformation results.....
or broken the genes result of experimentation of human-beast mix egg fertilization
Th economist has been responsible of stealing money that doesn't belong to them to buy mansions, prostitutes wrapped in jewelry to increment their value since vulgarity manners reveal their devaluation for the use in prostitution ring.....etc
We can spend all night to talk about economy gentleman......if you will earn the money decently.....
Brithain failure projects that endanger humanity,and system that open doors to vandalism from all poles,for example: drug of lords in collecting human hybrids mix with cats...
Or sci new hybride gay experimentation creating a illutionary image of a "new human species" by softh genes result of substances mix with a well learn lecture for victims brain washing by sci in question convince them , that they are nothing but another creation in the world like the animals but more domesticate ending in gay transformation results.....
or broken the genes result of experimentation of human-beast mix egg fertilization
Th economist has been responsible of stealing money that doesn't belong to them to buy mansions, prostitutes wrapped in jewelry to increment their value since vulgarity manners reveal their devaluation for the use in prostitution ring.....etc
We can spend all night to talk about economy gentleman......if you will earn the money decently.....
Enougth...!
We don't need explanations,we just dont like liers!
EEnglishman and network ambitious control mind projects can't fit with rational minded!
DMITRY SHORIN: SURROGATES FOR GOD Exhibition Erarta Museum
Sex in the air ?......scenario from a introverted beings!
Depictions of kisses are surprisingly rare in Renaissance painting – you are more likely to see Judas embracing Jesus than two lovers pecking each other on the lips. But in the early 18th Century, with the rise of the Rococo movement, erotic love becomes a more frequent subject for ambitious painters. Here François Boucher, one of the most renowned French painters of the ancien régime, depicts the Greek superman in bed with Omphale, the queen of Lydia, to whom he was enslaved for a year. (Wikipedia)
Slavery......!
How many of you fail in tramp for power......question!
Enought of cat and mouse play with fraternity....!
Scientist........I expect, a plane ready when Iarrive in Germany....... Security, and my Australia and German friend
Russia!.....
Russia!.....
puppets in motion by cords......pull by hybrids marb-less balls
Your cominment in one "enviromen"..... Stinks!
Enough of Criminal organizations manipulations
Warning of criminal organization maneuvers in airports....
Networks and television are suspicious of causing "trafic jams" ,their goal manipulation of air time,obtain money from airline law suits,or switch pilot from their militia airbase comandors for plane sequestration.....
This morning brithom intent to take the place of pilot to sequester a plane!
Networks and television are suspicious of causing "trafic jams" ,their goal manipulation of air time,obtain money from airline law suits,or switch pilot from their militia airbase comandors for plane sequestration.....
This morning brithom intent to take the place of pilot to sequester a plane!
USA,India,IrishBrithain ,in proces to brake in Germany...after Russia is controlled by billionarie investors who assume they win over Russia empire
The war is ON!.....
Irish say,following a ritual by trew kids in boiling water and eat them, from countries they invade following a pattern or illutionary image of "distinction" with their idiology of "fashionism" will buy a place in society to obtain support in their goal to robotized the "anus" of citizen.....
India with networks and television as communication tool by African Americans....
All the ones in that fraternityhas been proff that Colombia Mexico and any drug lord that trafiking mmarijuana in countries they conquering is the fast bias to obtain power with politicians who consume it,army and police is their connection to keep rolling around the world...
One prostitute and a ounce of cocaine as introductory gifth to who will access them to power...
Gay societies are the"second" part of their invasion by extortion with bestiallity by whom sleep with the prostitutes who will open the door for them to bestialize the "one" in question in power .....
Everything else will achieve by their sciense in conjunction with robotics...
The question is;
How many of you has been follow in their entranmpent...... That empower their sircus keep going on!
Irish say,following a ritual by trew kids in boiling water and eat them, from countries they invade following a pattern or illutionary image of "distinction" with their idiology of "fashionism" will buy a place in society to obtain support in their goal to robotized the "anus" of citizen.....
India with networks and television as communication tool by African Americans....
All the ones in that fraternityhas been proff that Colombia Mexico and any drug lord that trafiking mmarijuana in countries they conquering is the fast bias to obtain power with politicians who consume it,army and police is their connection to keep rolling around the world...
One prostitute and a ounce of cocaine as introductory gifth to who will access them to power...
Gay societies are the"second" part of their invasion by extortion with bestiallity by whom sleep with the prostitutes who will open the door for them to bestialize the "one" in question in power .....
Everything else will achieve by their sciense in conjunction with robotics...
The question is;
How many of you has been follow in their entranmpent...... That empower their sircus keep going on!
Friday, February 13, 2015
unauthorized devices and supplies that aren't in human anatomy benefit are been law suit
Robotics and sci in the intention to continue torture by use devices that been removeby the sci medical board of sciense for not been in the bbenefit of the human anatomy should pass as a illegal practice worldwide and its manufacture and distribution brands should be law suit on countries were the army police politicians and goberment itself authorize it as investment for personal enrichment.....
Wype off fraterneties around the world to prevent secuestration for our body to be vandalize
Remove USA in power with sci, India with Vladimir Putin in collaboration with gays in removal my breast.
Last night they cut tissue of breast removal of
gluteus completely and stretch hype to shape body like gay male...
FK ..any Mexican doctor in Texas Dallas forth worth
Last night they cut tissue of breast removal of
gluteus completely and stretch hype to shape body like gay male...
FK ..any Mexican doctor in Texas Dallas forth worth
Thursday, February 12, 2015
The trut about identities in power.....Can't have technology power after proff abuse of power !
The spider web of networks create around the world has been in power of criminal man,who presume that without their cheap network television and communication we will be lost.....
This criminal communication systems is been in support of gay societies around
The world that many happen to be the Army,Police investors and criminal fraternities that practice pedophilia and bestiallity....
Countries like Russia,India USA,UK...etc has been allow their"cheap" communications to continue with their pervert investments in a sinister goal to keep robotized the human anatomy harming our brain for criminal sciense in technologies continue enforcing with this project disable our body to control our money...
When questioning Vladimir Putin why he is supporting this criminals militias with robotics,he simply add....."I don't wanted her to be in Russia or near mine son,in Salomon Land,where he resides.....
Washington DC is severely attacking mine friends,family and myself with robotics using Russia ministers in power to remove any power over mine money...
As a reason all their allies has been remove from the "police orbit project" since they endangered humanity with this technology to slavery humanity.....
This criminal communication systems is been in support of gay societies around
The world that many happen to be the Army,Police investors and criminal fraternities that practice pedophilia and bestiallity....
Countries like Russia,India USA,UK...etc has been allow their"cheap" communications to continue with their pervert investments in a sinister goal to keep robotized the human anatomy harming our brain for criminal sciense in technologies continue enforcing with this project disable our body to control our money...
When questioning Vladimir Putin why he is supporting this criminals militias with robotics,he simply add....."I don't wanted her to be in Russia or near mine son,in Salomon Land,where he resides.....
Washington DC is severely attacking mine friends,family and myself with robotics using Russia ministers in power to remove any power over mine money...
As a reason all their allies has been remove from the "police orbit project" since they endangered humanity with this technology to slavery humanity.....
Russia project one system army worldwide failure by USA
USA Pentagon using one army system Allie with Vladimir Putin Russia project falsify sci signature and continue with prostitution ,robotics and illegally wiretapping thought devices on eye....besides the physical agraviation to eenforce human exploration....
Wednesday, February 11, 2015
Mine world...as a reason I Sonia Neri will say;to Sultan in question....
Indu Sultan wealth around the world ...belong to me Sonia Neri
For been the intellectual of embryo carried by me,and who die in unfortunate sircunstances...
As a reason television network and communication should be shut down for the promotion of embryo sales,human exploitation ,and slavery ......and return Indu Sultan money to me for the assault to my mine person and promotion of embryo sales to wealthy man ....
The country of Germany should remove any white,or black women pretend to steal identity by the sequestration of the embryo,investors of robotics,pedophilia and bestiallity militias by network and any other in promotion of government system promoting sircus that endanger humanity normal path....
No networks Television radio or communication should illegally wiretapping private residences, under no sircunstances or court orders..... Nor a judge shouldn't will have the power for such a violation of individual
Privacy,to brake in vandalize or sexual assault for illegal exprimentation
Any freedom of sci in experimentation without consent of sci worldwide will be persecute...
No police army or identity in power of mass of people should be involveon this practices endangered humanity another wise will be immediately remove persecute or coded to be out of society...
Worldwide sci in agrenment will be the only power to appoint criminals for removal...
No sciense in technology studies should have access to humanity for Robotics,atoms,and mechanics or any device that will deteriorate human anatomy,endangered humanity brain,heart,blood cells,reproduction system,digestive system or any human cavity for insertion purposes to fit devices ,No exemption... No robotics of any type in humans,...
Robotics atoms etc investors under extinction.
To sciense criminal gangs of Alicante's collaborate in same humanity crimes...
No drugs allow for individual use of alter ,deteriorate,or to put human mind in hallucinating state will be permitted....no marihuana sale exposing human peace..
No hanivalism, ritual of blood drain in humans sacrify humans for cults or frtaterneties in satanism will be permitted....
Definatelly no bestiallity of any type or experimentation with humans is permitted....
No gay society or cult from fraternities should have power of army to rented or buy individual services to targeted or harm a individual,by hand of Navy,Marines,or Army....or any contractor or secret elite services.
"RED" , is death!
For been the intellectual of embryo carried by me,and who die in unfortunate sircunstances...
As a reason television network and communication should be shut down for the promotion of embryo sales,human exploitation ,and slavery ......and return Indu Sultan money to me for the assault to my mine person and promotion of embryo sales to wealthy man ....
The country of Germany should remove any white,or black women pretend to steal identity by the sequestration of the embryo,investors of robotics,pedophilia and bestiallity militias by network and any other in promotion of government system promoting sircus that endanger humanity normal path....
No networks Television radio or communication should illegally wiretapping private residences, under no sircunstances or court orders..... Nor a judge shouldn't will have the power for such a violation of individual
Privacy,to brake in vandalize or sexual assault for illegal exprimentation
Any freedom of sci in experimentation without consent of sci worldwide will be persecute...
No police army or identity in power of mass of people should be involveon this practices endangered humanity another wise will be immediately remove persecute or coded to be out of society...
Worldwide sci in agrenment will be the only power to appoint criminals for removal...
No sciense in technology studies should have access to humanity for Robotics,atoms,and mechanics or any device that will deteriorate human anatomy,endangered humanity brain,heart,blood cells,reproduction system,digestive system or any human cavity for insertion purposes to fit devices ,No exemption... No robotics of any type in humans,...
Robotics atoms etc investors under extinction.
To sciense criminal gangs of Alicante's collaborate in same humanity crimes...
No drugs allow for individual use of alter ,deteriorate,or to put human mind in hallucinating state will be permitted....no marihuana sale exposing human peace..
No hanivalism, ritual of blood drain in humans sacrify humans for cults or frtaterneties in satanism will be permitted....
Definatelly no bestiallity of any type or experimentation with humans is permitted....
No gay society or cult from fraternities should have power of army to rented or buy individual services to targeted or harm a individual,by hand of Navy,Marines,or Army....or any contractor or secret elite services.
"RED" , is death!
The master minds of a Texas criminal SCI gangs of doctors and scientists
The USA keep with slavery for human trafiking and embryo explotation
The sultan from India pay a billionaire amount for brithain in collaboration with criminal works hide in India to conduct a genocide transporting the human flesh in tractors to mexico from victims
In order for this crime to happen unnoticed they create a environment
They sequester me twist my spinal wide shoulders cut and burn hair face and create a deformation in hype....
The witnesses Vladimir Putin and who has its own satellite signal to follow the aggression never report it...
By his own he and USA has bussines in army one system targeting citizen to assesinate....
Same time entrapeurs promote in Germany thought television and radio the "virgin " Mary will visit Germany for them to buy embryous....
Also same time a Gay in UK,London try to impersonate mine icon by cutting his hair and colored same as mine...
Same time India send females Alicante's to Germany look similar to me by burning mine face...
You are not mocking at us.....fkyou all in that fraternity because you are not touching mine money
The sultan from India pay a billionaire amount for brithain in collaboration with criminal works hide in India to conduct a genocide transporting the human flesh in tractors to mexico from victims
In order for this crime to happen unnoticed they create a environment
They sequester me twist my spinal wide shoulders cut and burn hair face and create a deformation in hype....
The witnesses Vladimir Putin and who has its own satellite signal to follow the aggression never report it...
By his own he and USA has bussines in army one system targeting citizen to assesinate....
Same time entrapeurs promote in Germany thought television and radio the "virgin " Mary will visit Germany for them to buy embryous....
Also same time a Gay in UK,London try to impersonate mine icon by cutting his hair and colored same as mine...
Same time India send females Alicante's to Germany look similar to me by burning mine face...
You are not mocking at us.....fkyou all in that fraternity because you are not touching mine money
Tuesday, February 10, 2015
5 Canadian Marijuana Stocks With Recommended Entry Prices Feb. 10, 2015 2:33 AM ET | Includes: BLOZF, BNRDF, LXRP, MQPXF, OGRMF Disclosure: The author is long BLOZF. (More...) Summary I am providing some entry prices for 5 Canadian marijuana stocks previously examined. There is no horrible rush on most of these, as August 2016, preceding the November 2016 ballot measures for “recreational” marijuana use, is the target date to be “holding.”. There are more than 100 other U.S.-based marijuana stocks, not included or examined in this article, so there are many opportunities to participate in a positive sector move. In all cases, you might consider “averaging down,” as opportunities present themselves, and this may involve selling on upside over-reactions and buying back later. Some other, generic observations are included to assist you in trading these and other stocks. The Most Important Event Dates to Focus On Entry should occur and be established on or before August 2016, prior to the likely November 2016 ballot measures that should result in a significant expansion of the U.S. market for "recreational" marijuana. I am interested in favorable "positioning" prior to these early November 2016 ballot measures. Therefore, I have plenty of time to buy. The Over-Riding Fundamental to Focus On I want to buy at a price per share that is below that enjoyed by insiders and those able to buy at private placement prices. This reduces my risk. I like reducing my risk. If I cannot buy a stock at a favorable price, I will "walk away." There are other stocks and other opportunities. I will not "chase" the stock for a long-term buy-and-hold and want to avoid those securities with "toxic convertibles" or "death spiral" financing. The 5 Canadian Stocks with Recommended Entry Prices Below are the 5 Canadian marijuana firms, cross-listed on both Canadian and U.S. exchanges, from my earlier Seeking Alpha article "watch list": Name U.S. Symbol Notes Bedrocan Cannabis Corp. (OTC:BNRDF) < $0.60 Canadian Cannabix Technologies, Inc. (OTCPK:BLOZF) Marijuana Breathalyzer Lexaria Corp. (OTCQB:LXRP) Marijuana tea; market infancy? Matica Enterprises, Inc. (OTCPK:MQPXF) Trading at private placement price OrganiGram Holdings, Inc. (OTCQB:OGRMF) Favorable placement/borrowings In this installment, I am using the OTCMarkets website to initiate research. #1 - Bedrocan Cannabis Corporation (formerly POCML 2 Inc.) Below is the 1 year chart from the OTCMarkets website: (click to enlarge) This firm has an ugly chart with respect to price per share, but a positive working capital position. I would guess that most of the "bag holders" dumped, late last year, for tax loss selling purposes. The financials are not quickly and easily accessed on the firm's website. I do not like this and it makes me mistrustful. They are publicly traded, accessing U.S. capital markets, and should take the time to make it effortless for investors to access this data. My time has economic value, and if they want me to invest in their firm, I want fast access to information. page 1 / 6| Next »
Take a look of this article..!
They said;
"opportunities to participate in a positive sector move"
bang...bang,bang!!Targeted
Questions arise.....
Bloomberg) -- The collapse in crude oil prices is derailing Colombia’s hopes of developing shale deposits as a way of countering stagnating conventional oil reserves, according to two people with knowledge of the matter.
Global drillers including Exxon Mobil Corp. are deferring shale exploration plans as crude’s 48 percent drop in the past six months exacerbates concerns over gaps in rules covering hydraulic fracturing in Colombia, said the people, who asked not to be identified because the matter isn’t public.
Exxon doesn’t give details on specific exploration programs, it said in an e-mailed response to questions.
The government made shale and offshore exploration a priority amid a failure to make significant discoveries of conventional oil in recent years. Development of new deposits has failed to keep pace with production, with reserve life -- a measure of how much oil is left based on current production -- shrinking to 6.6 years at the end of 2013, from 6.9 years a year earlier.
Colombian drillers including Ecopetrol SA and Pacific Rubiales Energy Corp. have lowered exploration spending this year as they focus limited resources on production. Ecopetrol’s budget for so-called unconventional reserves is $40 million this year, compared with $240 million in 2014, the Bogota-based company said in an e-mailed response to questions.
Fracking Rules
Royal Dutch Shell Plc and ConocoPhillips have also deferred shale exploration spending in Colombia, one of the people said. Shell didn’t reply to e-mails and voice messages seeking comment. Houston-based ConocoPhillips, a non-operating partner in the Santa Isabel project in Colombia’s Middle Magdalena basin, declined to comment in an e-mailed response.
Oil tumbled to the lowest in six years last month as OPEC lets rival producers deal with a global surplus. Drillers cut the number of rigs in service in the U.S. to 1,140 by Feb. 6, the lowest since December 2011, Baker Hughes Inc. data show.
While Colombia published guidelines last year for exploration using fracking, uncertainty over production remains, said the people. Out of 18 unconventional blocks that were offered in July as part of Colombia’s 2014 oil round, only one received bids.
“The lack of regulatory clarity and community fears over fracking are key issues,” Wood Mackenzie Ltd. Vice-President of Upstream Consulting Sebastian Borgarello said in an interview Feb. 5. “Since Exxon, Shell, Conoco are cutting budgets, it’s likely that Colombia spending will fall. Companies in general are very disillusioned with the country.”
To contact the reporter on this story: Andrew Willis in Bogota at awillis21@bloomberg.net
To contact the editors responsible for this story: James Attwood at jattwood3@bloomberg.net Carlos Caminada
Palestine with WHOM in Sweden.....question
first-ever Palestinian embassy in Western Europe has opened in Sweden on Tuesday evening, the Swedish prime minister’s press service said. President Mahmoud Abbas has arrived in Stockholm for the event.
"Your recognition...should push forward negotiations in the peace process," Abbas said.
Prime Minister Lofven has vowed aid to Palestine, but has also called on reforms.
"There are challenges: we must help one another to fight corruption, increase gender equality, improve respect for human rights, and of course continue the state building process," Lofven said.
Under the newly signed deal, Sweden’s financial help to Palestine will grow by 1.5 billion kronas (US$179.74 million) over the next five years.
Palestine has diplomatic missions in countries that either recognize or partially recognize it as an independent state.
Until Tuesday, Palestine had a General Delegation of Palestine in Sweden, based in Stockholm.
On October 30, Sweden was the first Western EU member (and 135th of the world's 193 nations) to officially recognize Palestinian statehood. Britain, France, Spain and Portugal followed suit.
READ MORE: French parliament votes to recognize Palestinian state
The plan to recognize Palestine was criticized by Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman, who said that Prime Minister Lofven “must understand that neither declaration nor move by an external player will replace direct talks between the sides that will be part of a comprehensive accord between Israel and the entire Arab world."
Following the move, relations between Sweden and Israel soured, and deteriorated even further early this year, when Foreign Minister Margot Wallstrom called off a visit to Israel in January.
At the time, Israeli media cited Lieberman as saying that he did not want to meet Wallstrom, and that she wasn’t welcome on an official visit to Tel Aviv.
Late last year, the European Parliament also voted to recognize a Palestinian state in principle, with a total of 498 MEPs voting in favor.
On December 30, an official bid for Palestinian statehood was submitted to the UN Security Council. However, the UNSC failed to adopt the Arab coalition’s bid for the creation of a Palestinian state.
READ MORE: End of 'Israeli occupation'? Arabs support Palestinian draft UN resolution
A total of 135 countries recognize Palestine – including several Eastern European nations, which did so before joining the EU.
The Palestinian ambassador to Russia has praised Sweden for taking a “huge step” towards Palestine’s broader recognition in Europe.
“This is very important to us and we hope this trend to recognize Palestine as a state continues in Europe and that other countries within the EU will also recognize us. Sweden made a huge step in that direction," Fayed Mustafa told Sputnik.
"Your recognition...should push forward negotiations in the peace process," Abbas said.
Prime Minister Lofven has vowed aid to Palestine, but has also called on reforms.
"There are challenges: we must help one another to fight corruption, increase gender equality, improve respect for human rights, and of course continue the state building process," Lofven said.
Under the newly signed deal, Sweden’s financial help to Palestine will grow by 1.5 billion kronas (US$179.74 million) over the next five years.
Palestine has diplomatic missions in countries that either recognize or partially recognize it as an independent state.
Until Tuesday, Palestine had a General Delegation of Palestine in Sweden, based in Stockholm.
On October 30, Sweden was the first Western EU member (and 135th of the world's 193 nations) to officially recognize Palestinian statehood. Britain, France, Spain and Portugal followed suit.
READ MORE: French parliament votes to recognize Palestinian state
The plan to recognize Palestine was criticized by Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman, who said that Prime Minister Lofven “must understand that neither declaration nor move by an external player will replace direct talks between the sides that will be part of a comprehensive accord between Israel and the entire Arab world."
Following the move, relations between Sweden and Israel soured, and deteriorated even further early this year, when Foreign Minister Margot Wallstrom called off a visit to Israel in January.
At the time, Israeli media cited Lieberman as saying that he did not want to meet Wallstrom, and that she wasn’t welcome on an official visit to Tel Aviv.
Late last year, the European Parliament also voted to recognize a Palestinian state in principle, with a total of 498 MEPs voting in favor.
On December 30, an official bid for Palestinian statehood was submitted to the UN Security Council. However, the UNSC failed to adopt the Arab coalition’s bid for the creation of a Palestinian state.
READ MORE: End of 'Israeli occupation'? Arabs support Palestinian draft UN resolution
A total of 135 countries recognize Palestine – including several Eastern European nations, which did so before joining the EU.
The Palestinian ambassador to Russia has praised Sweden for taking a “huge step” towards Palestine’s broader recognition in Europe.
“This is very important to us and we hope this trend to recognize Palestine as a state continues in Europe and that other countries within the EU will also recognize us. Sweden made a huge step in that direction," Fayed Mustafa told Sputnik.
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During the last decade, however, Russia’s booming economy has rejuvenated St. Petersburg, and the White Nights have become more and more lively. Russian entrepreneurs have poured money into new bars, restaurants and hotels. Growing numbers of visitors from abroad, along with well-heeled Russian tourists — their wallets fat with petrodollars — and members of the increasingly mobile Russian middle class head here for summer vacations. The city fathers have seized the initiative, pumping city and state financing into organized events.
Long summer days exist elsewhere in Russia of course, from Moscow to Yekaterinburg to Yakutsk, but the White Nights have become an intrinsic part of St. Petersburg’s identity — a celebration of the city’s unique beauty and its role as the country’s artistic epicenter.
No other city in Russia enjoys such a breathtaking location. St. Petersburg was constructed on what originally were more than 100 islands formed by a latticework of rivers, creeks, streams and natural canals that flow into the Baltic Sea at the mouth of the Neva River. The Neva, the main artery through the city, snakes an east-west path across St. Petersburg, basically dividing it in half. The southern half, the part most reminiscent of Venice or Amsterdam, is cut by a grid of canals and includes many of the city’s most familiar landmarks. Among them: the Hermitage, Russia’s greatest museum and the former Winter Palace of the czars, along with Palace Square and the Alexander Column; the Kazan Cathedral, modeled after St. Peter’s at the Vatican; and the Church of the Savior on the Spilled Blood, a monument marking the spot of Czar Alexander II’s assassination in 1881. Here, too, runs the Nevsky Prospekt, the city’s main commercial street.
ACROSS the river, the northern part of St. Petersburg consists of a cluster of islands, including Vasilyevsky, Petrogradsky, Dekabristov and Krestovsky. Four drawbridges across the Neva connect the northern and southern parts of the city, while 342 smaller bridges, built over four centuries and made of materials ranging from wood to brick to iron, cross the city’s canals and tributaries.
You’ll find celebrations of St. Petersburg’s White Nights in virtually every corner of this sprawling, watery metropolis. Dance clubs and “beach clubs” —
USA and Russia ..opposition married with pregnant women and stole embryo
During the last decade, however, Russia’s booming economy has rejuvenated St. Petersburg, and the White Nights have become more and more lively. Russian entrepreneurs have poured money into new bars, restaurants and hotels. Growing numbers of visitors from abroad, along with well-heeled Russian tourists — their wallets fat with petrodollars — and members of the increasingly mobile Russian middle class head here for summer vacations. The city fathers have seized the initiative, pumping city and state financing into organized events.
Long summer days exist elsewhere in Russia of course, from Moscow to Yekaterinburg to Yakutsk, but the White Nights have become an intrinsic part of St. Petersburg’s identity — a celebration of the city’s unique beauty and its role as the country’s artistic epicenter.
No other city in Russia enjoys such a breathtaking location. St. Petersburg was constructed on what originally were more than 100 islands formed by a latticework of rivers, creeks, streams and natural canals that flow into the Baltic Sea at the mouth of the Neva River. The Neva, the main artery through the city, snakes an east-west path across St. Petersburg, basically dividing it in half. The southern half, the part most reminiscent of Venice or Amsterdam, is cut by a grid of canals and includes many of the city’s most familiar landmarks. Among them: the Hermitage, Russia’s greatest museum and the former Winter Palace of the czars, along with Palace Square and the Alexander Column; the Kazan Cathedral, modeled after St. Peter’s at the Vatican; and the Church of the Savior on the Spilled Blood, a monument marking the spot of Czar Alexander II’s assassination in 1881. Here, too, runs the Nevsky Prospekt, the city’s main commercial street.
ACROSS the river, the northern part of St. Petersburg consists of a cluster of islands, including Vasilyevsky, Petrogradsky, Dekabristov and Krestovsky. Four drawbridges across the Neva connect the northern and southern parts of the city, while 342 smaller bridges, built over four centuries and made of materials ranging from wood to brick to iron, cross the city’s canals and tributaries.
You’ll find celebrations of St. Petersburg’s White Nights in virtually every corner of this sprawling, watery metropolis. Dance clubs and “beach clubs” —
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The path to Satan
The Church of Satan was established in San Francisco in 1966.
Mr LaVey was its high priest until his death in 1997.
Followers live by the Nine Satanic Statements, which include "Satan represents indulgence instead of abstinence", "Satan represents vengeance instead of turning the other cheek" and "Satan represents all of the so-called sins, as they all lead to physical, mental, or emotional gratification".
Doug Harris, director of the Reachout Trust, an evangelical Christian ministry that "builds a bridge of reason" to those involved in cults and the occult, says the statements are "selfish".
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Everything stare in sci by Romania,Hungary king " Hunyadi"......
Last edited 2 days ago by Antidiskriminator
John Hunyadi
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For his younger brother, see John Hunyadi, Ban of Severin.
John Hunyadi
Regent-Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary
Voivode of Transylvania
Spouse Erzsébet Szilágyi
Issue Ladislaus Hunyadi
Matthias Corvinus
House House of Hunyadi
Father Voyk
Mother Elizabeth Morsina
Born c. 1406
Died 11 August 1456
Zimony/Zemun,
Kingdom of Hungary (now Serbia)
Burial St. Michael's Catholic Cathedral,
Gyulafehérvár/Alba Iulia,
Kingdom of Hungary (now Romania)
Signature
John Hunyadi (Hungarian: Hunyadi János, Romanian: Ioan de Hunedoara; c. 1406 – 11 August 1456) was a leading Hungarian military and political figure in Central and Southeastern Europe during the 15th century. According to most contemporary sources, he was son of a noble family of Romanian ancestry. He mastered his military skills on the southern borderlands of the Kingdom of Hungary that were exposed to Ottoman attacks. Appointed voivode of Transylvania and head of a number of southern counties, he assumed responsibility for the defense of the frontiers in 1441.
Hunyadi adopted the Hussite method of using wagons for military purposes. He employed professional soldiers, but also mobilized local peasantry against invaders. These innovations contributed to his earliest successes against the Ottoman troops who were plundering the southern marches in the early 1440s. Although defeated in the battle of Varna in 1444 and in the second battle of Kosovo in 1448, his successful "Long Campaign" across the Balkan Mountains in 1443–44 and defence of Belgrade/Nándorfehérvár in 1456, against troops led personally by the Sultan established his reputation as a great general. The bells of Catholic and older Protestant churches are daily rung at noon to commemorate the Belgrade victory, although the pope had ordered this in advance, a week before the siege, in order to encourage the soldiers fighting for Christendom.
John Hunyadi was also an eminent statesman. He actively took part in the civil war between the partisans of Wladislas I and the minor Ladislaus V, two claimants to the throne of Hungary in the early 1440s, on behalf on the former. Popular among the lesser nobility, the Diet of Hungary appointed him, in 1445, as one of the seven "Captains in Chief" responsible for the administration of state affairs until Ladislaus V (by that time unanimously accepted as king) came of age. The next Diet went even further, electing Hunyadi as sole regent with the title of governor. When he resigned from this office in 1452, the sovereign awarded him with the first hereditary title (perpetual count of Beszterce/Bistrița) in the Kingdom of Hungary. He had by this time become one of the wealthiest landowners in the kingdom, and preserved his influence in the Diet up until his death.
This Athleta Christi ("Christ's Champion"), as Pope Pius II referred to him, died some three weeks after his triumph at Nándorfehérvár/Belgrade, falling to an epidemic that had broken out in the crusader camp. However, his victories over the Turks prevented them from invading the Kingdom of Hungary for more than 60 years. His fame was a decisive factor in the election of his son, Matthias Corvinus, as king by the Diet of 1457. Hunyadi is still a popular historic figure among Hungarians, Romanians, Serbians, Bulgarians and other nations of the region, many[quantify] of them even considering him as their own hero.
Contents
Childhood (c. 1406–c. 1420)
Rise of a general
Youth (c. 1420–1438)
First battles with the Ottomans (1438–1442)
General and politician
The "Long Campaign" (1442–1444)
Battle of Varna and its aftermath (1444–1446)
Governorship (1446–1453)
Conflicts and reconciliations (1453–1455)
Belgrade victory and death (1455–1456)
Family
Legacy
Hungary's survival
The Noon Bell
The national hero
References
Sources
Primary sources
Secondary sources
Further reading
Childhood (c. 1406–c. 1420)
Further information: Hunyadi family
King Sigismund of Hungary's charter of the grant of Hunyad Castle (in present-day Hunedoara, Romania) to Voyk, Magos and Radol (the sons of Serbe), and their uncle or cousin, Radol, and Voyk's son, John
Sigismund, King of Hungary
A royal charter of grant issued on 18 October 1409 contains the first reference to John Hunyadi.[1][2][3] In the document, Sigismund, King of Hungary bestowed Hunyad Castle (in present-day Hunedoara, Romania) and the lands attached to it upon John's father, Voyk and Voyk's four kinsmen, including John himself.[4] According to the document, John's father served in the royal household as a "court knight" at that time, suggesting that he was descended from a respected family.[5][6] Two 15th-century chroniclers—Johannes de Thurocz and Antonio Bonfini—write that Voyk had moved from Wallachia to Hungary upon King Sigismund's initiative.[3][7] László Makkai, Malcolm Hebron, Pál Engel and other scholars accept the two chroniclers' report of the Wallachian origin of John Hunyadi's father.[5][8][9][10] In contrast with them, Ioan-Aurel Pop says that Voyk was a native of the wider region of Hunyad Castle.[11]
Antonio Bonfini was the first chronicler to have made a passing remark of an alternative story of John Hunyadi's parentage, soon stating that it was just a "tasteless tale" fabricated by Hunyadi's opponent, Ulrich II, Count of Celje.[12][13] According to this anecdote, John was actually not Voyk's child, but King Sigismund's illegitimate son.[12][14] The story became especially popular during the reign of John Hunyadi's son, Matthias Corvinus who erected a statue for King Sigismund in Buda.[15] The 16th-century chronicler Gáspár Heltai repeated and further developed the tale, but modern scholars—for instance, Cartledge, and Kubinyi—regard it as an unverifiable gossip.[14][13] Hunyadi's popularity among the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula give rise to further legends of his royal parentage.[16][2]
The identification of John Hunyadi's mother is even less certain.[13][15] In connection with King Sigismund's supposed parentage, both Bonfini and Heltai say that she was the daughter of a rich boyar, or nobleman, whose estates were located at Morzsina (Margina, Romania).[13][15] The two chroniclers do not name her, but Pop writes that she was called Elisabeth.[11] According to historian László Makkai, John Hunyadi's mother was a member of the Muzsina (or Mușina) kenez family from Demsus (Densuș, Romania), but Pop refuses the identification of the Morzsina and Muzsina families.[11][17]
With regard of John Hunyadi's mother, Bonfini provides an alternative solution as well, stating that she was a distinguished Greek lady, but does not name her.[18] According to Kubinyi, her alleged Greek origin may simply refer to her Orthodox faith.[13] In a letter of 1489, Matthias Corvinus wrote that his grandmother's sister, whom the Ottoman Turks had captured and forced to join the harem of an unnamed Sultan, became the ancestor of Cem, the rebellious son of Sultan Mehmed II.[19] Based on this letter, historian Kubinyi says that the "Greek connection cannot be discounted entirely".[20] If Matthias Corvinus' report is valid, John Hunyadi—the hero of anti-Ottoman wars—and the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II were first cousins.[21] On the other hand, historian Péter E. Kovács writes that Matthias Corvinus's story about his family connection with the Ottoman Sultans was nothing but a pack of lies.[22]
Hunyadi's year of birth is uncertain.[23][24] Although Gáspár Heltai writes that Hunyadi was born in 1390, he must have actually been born between around 1405 and 1407, because his younger brother was only born after 1409, and a difference of almost two decades between the two brothers' age is not plausible.[9][11][24][23] The place of his birth is likewise unknown.[25] The 16th-century scholar, Antun Vrančić wrote that John Hunyadi had been "a native" of the Hátszeg region (now Hațeg in Romania).[26] Hunyadi's father died before 12 February 1419.[13] A royal charter issued on this day mentions Hunyadi, Hunyadi's two brothers (John the younger and Voyk) and their uncle Radol, but does not refer to their father.[13]
Rise of a general
Youth (c. 1420–1438)
Andreas Pannonius, who served Hunyadi for five years, writes that the future commander "accustomed himself to tolerate both cold and heat in good time".[24] Just like other young noblemen, John Hunyadi spent his youth serving in the court of powerful magnates.[27] However, the exact list of his employers cannot be completed, because 15th-century authors recorded contradictory data of his early life.[28]
Filippo Scolari's biographer, Poggio Bracciolini writes that Scolari—who was responsible for the defense of the southern frontier as Ispán, or head, of Temes County—educated Hunyadi from his very youth, suggesting that Hunyadi was Scolari's page around 1420.[29] On the other hand, John of Capistrano writes, in a letter of 1456, that Hunyadi started his military career serving under Nicholas Újlaki.[30] For Nicholas Újlaki was at least six year younger than Hunyadi, historian Pál Engel writes that Capistrano confused him with his brother, Stephen Újlaki.[30] Finally, Antonio Bonfini says that at the beginning of his career Hunyadi worked either for Demeter Csupor, Bishop of Zagreb or for the Csákys.[31]
According to the Byzantine historian Laonikos Chalkokondyles, the young Hunyadi "stayed for a time" at the court of Stefan Lazarević, Despot of Serbia who died in 1427.[32] Hunyadi's marriage with Elisabeth Szilágyi substantiates Chalkokondyles' report, because her father, Ladislaus was the Despot's familiaris around 1426.[33] The wedding took place around 1429.[34] While still a young man, Hunyadi entered the retinue of King Sigismund.[24] He accompanied Sigismund to Italy in 1431 and upon Sigismund's order he joined the army of Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan.[35][36][37] Bonfini says that Hunyadi "served two years" in the Duke's army.[38] Modern scholars—for instance, Cartledge, Engel, Mureşanu and Teke—say that Hunyadi familiarized himself with the principles of contemporary military art, including the employment of mercenaries, in Milan.[9] [14][39][40]
Hunyadi again joined the entourage of Sigismund, who had in the meantime been crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome, at the very end of 1433.[38] He served the monarch as a "court knight".[13][41] He loaned 1,200 gold florins to the Emperor in January 1434.[41][42] In exchange, Sigismund mortgaged Papi—a market town in Csanád County—and half of the royal incomes from a nearby ferry on the Maros River to Hunyadi and his younger brother.[41][42] The royal charter of the transaction mentions Hunyadi as John the Vlach (or Romanian).[11][13][41] In short, Sigismund granted Hunyadi further domains, including Békésszentandrás, and Hódmezővásárhely, each incorporating about 10 villages.[41]
Antonio Bonfini writes of Hunyadi's service in the retinue of one "Francis Csanádi" who "became so fond of him that treated him as if he were his own son".[43] Historian Engel identifies Francis Csanádi with Franko of Talovac, Ban of Severin who was also Ispán of Csanád County around 1432.[44] Engel says that Hunyadi served in the Ban's retinue for at least one and a half years from around October 1434.[45] A Vlach district of the Banate of Severin was mortgaged to Hunyadi in this period.[45]
Sigismund, who entered Prague in the summer of 1436, hired Hunyadi and his 50 lancers for three months in October 1437 for 1,250 gold florins, implying that Hunyadi had accompanied him to Bohemia.[45][46] Hunyadi seems to have studied the Hussites' tactics on this occasion, because he later applied its featuring elements, including the use of wagons as a mobile fortress.[14][46][47] On 9 December 1437 Sigismund died; his son-in-law, Albert was elected King of Hungary in nine days.[48] According to historians Teke and Engel, Hunyadi soon returned to the southern frontiers of the kingdom which had been subject to Ottoman raids.[45][46] In contrast with them, Mureşanu says that Hunyadi served King Albert in Bohemia for at least a year, till the end of 1438. [49]
First battles with the Ottomans (1438–1442)
The Ottomans had occupied the larger part of Serbia by the end of 1438.[50] In the same year, Ottoman troops—supported by Vlad II Dracul, Prince of Wallachia—made an incursion into Transylvania, plundering Hermannstadt, Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia, Romania) and other towns.[51] After the Ottomans laid siege to Smederevo, the last important Serbian stronghold in June 1439, Đurađ Branković, Despot of Serbia fled to Hungary to seek military assistance.[50][52]
King Albert proclaimed the general insurrection of the nobility against the Ottomans, but few armed noblemen assembled in the region of Titel and they refrained themselves from the fight.[53][54] A notable exception was Hunyadi.[54] He made raids against the besiegers and defeated them in smaller skirmishes, which contributed to the rise of his fame.[54] The Ottomans captured Smederevo in August.[52][55] King Albert appointed the Hunyadi brothers Bans of Severin, elevating them to the rank of "true barons of the realm".[56] He also mortgaged a Vlach district in Temes County to them.[57]
King Albert died of dysentery on 27 October 1439.[53] His widow, Elisabeth—Emperor Sigismund's daughter—gave birth to a posthumus son, Ladislaus.[58] The Estates of the realm offered the crown to Vladislaus, King of Poland, but she had his infant son crowned king on 15 May 1440.[59] However, Vladislaus accepted the Estates' offer and was also crowned king on 17 July.[59] During the ensuing civil war between the two kings' partisans, Hunyadi supported Vladislaus.[60] Hunyadi fought against the Ottomans in Wallachia, for which King Vladislaus granted him five domains in the vicinity of his family estates on 9 August 1440.[61]
Vladislaus, King of Poland and Hungary (a portrait by Jan Matejko) whom Hunyadi supported in the civil war of 1440-1442
Hunyadi, together with Nicholaus Újlaki, annihilated the troops of Vladislaus' opponents at Bátaszék at the very beginning of 1441.[14][9] Their victory effectively put an end to the civil war.[14] The grateful King appointed Hunyadi and his comrade joint Voivodes of Transylvania and Counts of the Székelys in February.[9][14] In short, the King also nominated them Ispáns of Temes County and conferred the command of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade, Serbia) and all other castles along the Danube on them.[62][9]
For Nicholas Újlaki spent most time in the royal court, in practice Hunyadi administered Transylvania and the southern borderlands alone.[63][64] Soon after his appointment, Hunyadi visited Transylvania where the child Ladislaus V's partisans had preserved a strong position.[65] After Hunyadi pacified Transylvania, the regions under his administration remained undisturbed by internal conflicts, enabling Hunyadi to concentrate on the defence of the borders.[65] By effectively defending the interests of local landowners at the royal court, Hunyadi strengthened his position in the provinces under his administration.[66] For instance, he obtained land grants and privileges for local noblemen from the King.[66]
Hunyadi set about repairing the walls of Nándorfehérvár, which had been damaged during an Ottoman attack.[67] In retaliation of Ottoman raids in the region of the river Sava, he made an incursion in Ottoman territory in the summer or autumn of 1441.[68] He scored a pitched battle victory over Ishak Bey, the commander of Smederovo.[69]
Early next year Bey Mezid invaded Transylvania with a force of 17,000 soldiers.[70] Hunyadi was taken by surprise and lost the first battle near Marosszentimre (Sântimbru, Romania).[67][5] Bey Mezid lay siege to Hermannstadt, but the united forces of Hunyadi and Újlaki, who had in the meantime arrived in Transylvania, forced the Ottomans to lift the siege.[67] The Ottoman forces were annihilated at Gyulafehérvár on 22 March.[67][5]
Pope Eugenius IV, who had been an enthusiastic propagator of a new crusade against the Ottomans, sent his legate, Cardinal Giuliano Cesarini to Hungary.[71] The Cardinal arrived in May 1442 tasked with mediating a peace treaty between King Vladislaus and Dowager Queen Elisabeth.[72] [73] The Ottoman Sultan, Murad II dispatched Şihabeddin Pasha—the governor of Rumelia—to invade Transylvania with a force of 70,000.[67] The Pasha stated that the mere sight of his turban would force his enemies to run far away.[74] Although Hunyadi could only muster a force of 15,000 men, he inflicted a crushing defeat on the Ottomans at the Ialomița River in September.[67][72] Hunyadi placed Basarab II on the princely throne of Wallachia, but Basarab's opponent Vlad Dracul returned and forced Basarab to flee in early 1443. [75]
Hunyadi's victories in 1441 and 1442 made him a prominent enemy of the Ottomans and renowned throughout Christendom.[72][76] He established a vigorous offensive posture in his battles, which enabled him to counteract the numerical superiority of the Ottomans through decisive maneuver.[77] He employed mercenaries (many of them recently disbanded Czech Hussite troops), increasing the professionalism in his ranks [78] and supplementing the numerous irregulars mustered from local peasantry, whom he had no reservations about employing in the field.[79]
General and politician
The "Long Campaign" (1442–1444)
Main article: Long campaign
John Hunyadi on a hand-colored woodcut in Johannes de Thurocz's Chronica Hungarorum (Brno, 1488)
In April 1443 King Vladislaus and his barons decided to mount a major campaign against the Ottoman Empire.[80] With the mediation of Cardinal Cesarini, Vladislaus reached a truce with Frederick III of Germany, who had been the guardian of the child Ladislaus V.[81] The armistice guaranteed that Frederick III would not attack Hungary in the subsequent twelve months.[72]
Spending around 32,000 gold florins from his own treasury, Hunyadi hired more than 10,000 mercenaries.[82] The King also mustered troops, and reinforcements arrived from Poland and Moldavia.[82] The King and Hunyadi departed for the campaign at the head of an army of 25-27,000 men in the autumn of 1443.[82] In theory, Vladislaus commanded the army, but the true leader of the campaign was Hunyadi.[83] Despot Đurađ Branković joined them with a force of 8,000 strong.[82][67]
Hunyadi commanded the vanguards and routed four smaller Ottoman forces, hindering their unification.[84] He captured Kruševac, Niš and Sofia.[85][86] However, the Hungarian troops could not break through the passes of the Balkan Mountains towards Edirne.[87][88] Cold weather and the lack of supplies forced the Christian troops to stop the campaign at Zlatitsa.[89][90][88] After being victorious in the Battle of Kunovica, they returned to Belgrade in January and Buda in February 1444.[91]
Battle of Varna and its aftermath (1444–1446)
Main article: Battle of Varna
The Battle of Varna, as depicted in the 1564 edition of Martin Bielski's Polish Chronicle
Although no major Ottoman forces had been defeated, Hunyadi's "long campaign" stirred enthusiasm throughout Christian Europe.[89] Pope Eugenius, Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy and other European powers demanded a new crusade, promising financial or military support.[92] The formation of a "party"—a group of noblemen and clerics—under Hunyadi's leadership can be dated to this period.[93] Their main purpose was the defence of Hungary against the Ottomans.[93] According to a letter of Đurađ Branković, Hunyadi spent more than 63,000 gold florins to hire mercenaries in the first half of the year.[94] An eminent representative of Renaissance humanism in Hungary, John Vitéz became Hunyadi's close friend around that time.[93]
The advance of Christian forces in Ottoman territory also encouraged the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula to revolt in periferies of the Ottoman Empire.[87][89] For instance, Skanderbeg, an Albanian noble, expelled the Ottomans from Krujë and all other fortresses once held by his family.[95] Sultan Murad II, whose main concern was a rebellion by the Karamanids in Anatolia, offered generous terms of peace to King Vladislaus.[92] He even promised to withdraw the Ottoman garrisons from Serbia, thus restoring its semi-autonomous status under Despot Đurađ Branković.[96] He also offered a truce for ten years.[97] The Hungarian envoys accepted the Sultan's offer in Edirne on 12 June 1444.[97]
Đurađ Branković, who was grateful for the restoration of his realm, donated his estates at Világos (Șiria, Romania) in Zaránd County to Hunyadi on 3 July.[98][99] Hunyadi proposed King Vladislaus to confirm the advantageous treaty, but Cardinal Cesarini urged the monarch to continue the crusade.[100][101] On 4 August Vladislaus took a solemn oath of launching a campaign against the Ottoman Empire before the end of the year even if a peace treaty were concluded.[100] According to Johannes de Thurocz, the King appointed Hunyadi to sign the peace treaty on 15 August.[100] In a week, Đurađ Branković mortgaged his extensive domains in the Kingdom of Hungary—including Debrecen, Munkács (Mukacheve, Ukraine), and Nagybánya (Baia Mare, Romania)—to Hunyadi.[100]
King Vladislaus, whom Cardinal Cesarini urged to keep his oath, decided to invade the Ottoman Empire in autumn.[92] Upon the Cardinal's proposal, he offered Hunyadi the crown of Bulgaria.[100] The crusaders departed from Hungary on 22 September.[100] They planned to advance towards the Black Sea across the Balkan Mountains.[102][83] They expected that the Venetian fleet would hinder Sultan Murad from transferring Ottoman forces from Anatolia to the Balkans, but the Genoese transported the Sultan's army across the Dardanelles.[83] The two armies clashed near Varna on 10 November.[100]
Although outnumbered by two to one, the crusaders initially ruled the battlefield against the Ottomans.[103][104] However, the young King Vladislaus launched a premature attack against the janissaries and was killed.[103] Taking advantage of the crusaders' panic, the Ottomans annihilated their army.[103][105] Hunyadi narrowly escaped from the battlefield, but was captured and imprisoned by Wallachian soldiers.[106][107] However, Vlad Dracul set him free in short time.[107]
At the next Diet of Hungary, which assembled in April 1445, the Estates decided that they would unanimously acknowledge the child Ladislaus V's rule if King Vladislaus, whose fate was still uncertain, had not arrived in Hungary by the end of May.[103][108] The Estates also elected seven "Captains in Chief", including Hunyadi, each being responsible for the restoration of internal order in the territory allotted to them.[103][109] Hunyadi was assigned to administer the lands east of the river Tisza.[103][110] Here he possessed at least six castles and owned lands in about ten counties, which made him the most powerful baron in the region under his rule.[111]
Hunyadi was planning to organize a new crusade against the Ottoman Empire.[112] For this purpose, he bombarded the Pope and other Western monarchs with letters in 1445.[112][113] In September he had a meeting, at Nicopolis, with Waleran de Wavrin, the captain of eight Burgundian galleys, and Vlad Dracul of Wallachia, who had seized small fortresses along the Lower Danube from the Ottomans.[114][112][115] However, he did not risk a clash with the Ottoman garrisons stationed on the south bank of the river, and returned to Hungary before winter.[114] Vlad Dracul soon concluded a peace treaty with the Ottomans.[115]
Governorship (1446–1453)
The seal of John Hunyadi with the inscription Ioanis de Huniad, Gubernatoris Regni Hungarie ("John Hunyadi, Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary")
Main entrance of the Hunyad Castle (in present-day Hunedoara, Romania)
Ruins of Despot Đurađ Branković's palace in the Smederevo Fortress—Hunyadi was kept prisoner in this fort after his defeat in the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448
17th-century painting of John Hunyadi as governor
The Estates of the realm proclaimed Hunyadi regent, bestowing the title "governor" upon him on 6 June 1446.[108][116] His election was primarily promoted by the lesser nobility, but Hunyadi had by that time become one of the richest barons of the kingdom.[117] His domains covered an area exceeding 800,000 hectares (2,000,000 acres).[118] Hunyadi was one of the few contemporaneous barons who spent a significant part of their revenues to finance the wars against the Ottomans, thus bearing a large share of the cost of fighting for many years.[5]
As governor, Hunyadi was authorized to exercise most royal prerogatives for the period of King Ladislaus V's minority.[109] For instance, he could made land grants, but only up to the size of 32 peasant holdings.[108] Hunyadi attempted to pacify the border regions.[103] Soon after his election, he launched an unsuccessful campaign against Ulrich II, Count of Celje.[119] Count Ulrich administered Slavonia with the title ban (which he had arbitrarily adopted) and refused to renounce of it in favor of Hunyadi's appointee.[119] Hunyadi could not force him to submit.[119]
Hunyadi persuaded John Jiskra of Brandýs—a Czech commander who controlled the northern regions (in present-day Slovakia)—to sign an armistice for three years on 13 September.[116][103] However, Jiskra did not keep the truce, and armed conflicts continued.[120] In November Hunyadi proceeded against Frederick III of Germany, who had refused to release Ladislaus V and seized Kőszeg, Sopron and other towns along the western border.[121] Hunyadi's troops plundered Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniolia, but no decisive battle was fought.[108][122] A truce with Frederick III was signed on 1 June 1447.[123] Although Frederick renounced of Győr, his position as the minor King's guardian was confirmed.[123][124] The Estates of the realm were disappointed and the Diet elected Ladislaus Garai—a leader of Hunyadi's opponents—Palatine in September 1447.[103][125]
Hunyadi accelerated his negotiations, which had been commenced in the previous year, with Alfonso the Magnanimous, King of Aragon and Naples.[125] He even proposed the crown to Alfonso in exchange for the King's participation in an anti-Ottoman crusade and the confirmation of his position as governor.[125] However, King Alfonso refrained from signing an agreement.[126]
Hunyadi invaded Wallachia and dethroned Vlad Dracul in December 1447.[123][115] According to the contemporaneous Polish chronicler Jan Długosz, Hunyadi had "the very man he promised to make voivode" blinded, and planned "to appropriate"[127] Wallachia for himself.[128] Hunyadi styled himself "voivode of the Transalpine land" and referred to the Wallachian town, Târgoviște as "our fortress" in a letter of 4 December.[129] It is without doubt that Hunyadi installed a new voivode in Wallachia, but modern historians debate whether the new voivode was Vladislav II (to whom Hunyadi referred as his relative in a letter) or Dan (who seems to have been a son of Basarab II).[115][130] [131] In February 1448 Hunyadi sent an army to Moldavia to support the pretender Peter in seizing the throne.[132] In exchange, Peter acknowledged Hunyadi's suzerainty and contributed to the installation of a Hungarian garrison in the fort of Chilia Veche on the Lower Danube.[132]
Hunyadi made a new attempt to expel Count Ulrich of Celje from Slavonia, but could not defeat him.[119] In June Hunyadi and the Count reached an agreement, which confirmed Count Ulrich's position of Ban in Slavonia.[119] In short time Hunyadi sent his envoys to the two most prominent Albanian leaders—Scanderbeg and his father-in-law, Gjergj Arianiti—to seek their assistance against the Ottomans.[131] Pope Eugenius suggested that the anti-Ottoman campaign should be postponed.[126] However, Hunyadi stated, in a letter dated 8 September 1448, that he "have had enough of our men enslaved, our women raped, wagons loaded with the severed heads of our people" and expressed his determination to expel "the enemy from Europe".[126][133] In the same letter, he explained his military strategy to the Pope, stating that "[p]ower is always greater when used in attack rather than in defence".[134]
Hunyadi departed for the new campaign at the head of an army of 16,000 soldiers in September 1448.[133] About 8,000 soldiers from Wallachia also joined his campaign.[133][134] For Đurađ Branković refused to assist the crusaders, Hunyadi treated him as the Ottoman's ally and his army marched through Serbia plundering the countryside.[135] In order to prevent the unification of the armies of Hunyadi and Skanderbeg, Sultan Murad II joined battle with Hunyadi on Kosovo Polje on 17 October.[133] The battle, which lasted for three days, ended with the crusaders' catastrophic defeat.[120] Around 17,000 Hungarian and Wallachian soldiers were killed or captured and Hunyadi could hardly escape from the battlefield.[133] On his way home, Hunyadi was captured by Đurađ Branković who kept him prisoner in the fort of Smederevo.[120][136] The Despot was initially contemplating to surrender Hunyadi to the Ottomans.[136] However, the Hungarian barons and prelates who assembled at Szeged persuaded him to make peace with Hunyadi.[136][133] According to the treaty, Hunyadi was obliged to pay a ransom of 100,000 gold florins and to return all the domains that he had acquired from Đurađ Branković.[136][133] Hunyadi's oldest son, Ladislaus was sent to the Despot as a hostage.[133][137] Hunyadi was released, and he returned to Hungary in late December 1448.[136][137]
His defeat and his humiliating treaty with the Despot weakened Hunyadi's position.[133] The prelates and the barons confirmed the treaty and assigned Branković to negotiate with the Ottomans, and Hunyadi resigned from the office of Voivode of Transylvania.[138] He invaded the lands controlled by John Jiskra and his Czech mercenaries in the autumn of 1449, but could not defeat them.[139][140] On the other hand, the rulers of two neighboring countries—Stjepan Tomaš, King of Bosnia, and Bogdan II, Voivode of Moldavia—concluded a treaty with Hunyadi, promising that they would remain loyal to him.[141][142] In early 1450 Hunyadi and Jiskra signed a peace treaty in Mezőkövesd, acknowledging that many prosperous towns in Upper Hungary—including Pressburg (Bratislava, Slovakia) and Kassa (Košice, Slovakia)—remained under Jiskra's rule.[143][144]
Upon Hunyadi's demand, the Diet of March 1450 ordered the confiscation of Branković's estates in the Kingdom of Hungary.[145][142] Hunyadi and his troops departed for Serbia, forcing Branković to release his son.[145][146] Hunyadi, Ladislaus Garai and Nicholas Újlaki concluded a treaty on 17 July 1450, promising each other assistance to preserve their offices in case King Ladislaus V returned to Hungary.[145][146] In October Hunyadi made peace with Frederick III of Germany, which confirmed the German monarch's position as guardian of Ladislaus V for further eight years.[143][146] With the mediation of Újlaki and other barons, Hunyadi also concluded a peace treaty with Branković in August 1451, which authorized Hunyadi to redeem the debated domains for 155,000 gold florins.[147][145] Hunyadi launched a military expedition against Jiskra, but the Czech commander routed the Hungarian troops near Losonc (Lučenec, Slovakia) on 7 September.[120][143] With the mediation of Branković, Hungary and the Ottoman Empire signed a three-year truce on 20 November.[148]
The Austrian noblemen rose up in open rebellion against Frederick III of Germany, who governed the duchy in the name of Ladislaus the Posthumus at the turn of 1451 and 1452.[145][149][150] The leader of the rebellion, Ulrich Eizinger sought the assistance of the Estates of Ladislaus's two other realms, Bohemia and Hungary.[145][150] The Diet of Hungary, which assembled in Pressburg in February 1452, sent a delegation to Vienna.[143] On 5 March the Austrian and Hungarian Estates jointly requested Frederick III to renounce the guardianship of their young sovereign.[147] Frederick, who had been crowned Holy Roman Emperor, initially refused to satisfy their demand.[151] Hunyadi convoked a Diet to discuss the situation, but before the Diet made any decision the united troops of the Austrian and Bohemian Estates forced the Emperor to hand over the young monarch to Count Ulrich of Celje on 4 September.[143][151][152] In the meantime, Hunyadi had met Jiskra in Körmöcbánya (Kremnica, Slovakia) where they concluded a treaty on 24 August.[120][143] According to the treaty, Jiskra retained Léva (Levica, Slovakia) and his right to collect the "thirtieth"—a custom duty—at Késmárk (Kežmarok, Slovakia) and Ólubló (Stará Ľubovňa, Slovakia).[120] [153] In September Hunyadi sent envoys to Constantinople and promised military assistance to the Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI.[154] In exchange, he demanded two Byzantine forts on the Black Sea, Silivri and Misivri, but the Emperor refused.[155]
Hunyadi convoked a Diet to Buda, but the barons and the prelates preferred to visit Ladislaus V in Vienna in November.[151] At the Diet of Vienna, Hunyadi renounced the regency, but the King appointed him "captain general of the kingdom" on 30 January 1453.[151][156][157] The King even authorized Hunyadi to keep the royal castles and royal revenues that he possessed at that time.[156] Hunyadi also received Beszterce (Bistrița, Romania)—a district of the Transylvanian Saxons—with the title "perpetual count" from Ladislaus V, which was the first grant of a hereditary title in the Kingdom of Hungary.[156][149]
Conflicts and reconciliations (1453–1455)
Ladislaus the Posthumous, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and Duke of Austria
In a letter of 28 April 1453, Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini—the future Pope Pius II—stated that King Ladislaus V's realms were administered by "three men": Hungary by Hunyadi, Bohemia by George of Poděbrady, and Austria by Ulrich of Celje.[158] However, Hunyadi's position gradually weakened, because even many of his former allies considered his acts to retain his power with suspicion.[159] The citizens of Beszterce forced him to issue a charter confirming their traditional liberties on 22 July.[160] Hunyadi's longtime friend, Nicholas Újlaki made a formal alliance with Palatine Ladislaus Garai and Judge royal Ladislaus Pálóci, declaring their intention to restore royal authority in September.[161]
Hunyadi accompanied the young King to Prague and concluded a treaty with Ulrich Eizinger (who had expelled Ulrich of Celje from Austria) and George of Poděbrady at the end of the year.[162][163] Having returned to Hungary, Hunyadi convoked, in the name of the King but without his authorization, a Diet in order to make preparations for a war on the Ottomans who had in May 1453 captured Constantinople.[164][163] The Diet ordered the mobilization of the armed forces and Hunyadi's position of supreme commander was confirmed for a year, but many of the decisions was never carried out.[163][165] For instance, the Diet obliged all landowners to equip four cavalrymen and two infantrymen for every hundred peasant households on their domains, but this law was never applied in practise.[152][163]
Ladislaus V convoked a new Diet which assembled in March or April.[163][166] At the Diet, his envoys—three Austrian noblemen—announced that the King was planning to administer royal revenues through officials elected by the Diet and to set up two councils (also with members elected by the Estates) in order to assist him in governing the country.[159][163][167] However, the Diet refused to ratify most of the royal proposals, only the establishment of a royal council consisting of six prelates, six barons and six noblemen was accepted.[168] Hunyadi, who was well aware that the King attempted to limit his authority, demanded an explanation, but the King denied that he had knowledge of his representatives' act.[169] On the other hand, Jiskra returned to Hungary upon Ladislaus V's request and the King entrusted him with the administration of the mining towns.[143][169] In response, Hunyadi persuaded Ulrich of Celje to cede him a number of royal fortresses (and the lands pertaining to them) which had been mortgaged in Trencsén County.[170]
The Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed II invaded Serbia in May 1454 and laid siege to Smederevo, thus violating the truce of November 1451 between his empire and Hungary.[169] Hunyadi decided to intervene and started to assemble his armies at Nándorfehérvár, forcing the Sultan to lift the siege and leave Serbia in August.[171][172] However, an Ottoman force of 32,000 strong continued to pillage Serbia up until Hunyadi routed them at Kruševac on 29 September.[159][173] He made a raid against the Ottoman Empire and destroyed Vidin before returning to Nándorfehérvár.[174]
Emperor Frederick III convoked the Imperial Diet to Wiener Neustadt to discuss the possibilities of a new crusade against the Ottomans.[175][176] At the conference, where the envoys of the Hungarian, Polish, Aragonese and Burgundian monarchs were also present, no final decisions were made, because the Emperor refrained from a sudden attack against the Ottomans.[175][177] According to Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, the Emperor hindered Hunyadi from participating at the meeting.[177] In contrast with the Emperor, the new Pope, Callixtus III was a fierce supporter of the crusade.[178]
King Ladislaus V visited Buda in February 1456.[179] Ulrich of Celje, who accompanied the King to Buda, confirmed his former alliance with Ladislaus Garai and Nicholaus Újlaki.[180] The three barons turned against Hunyadi and accused him of abusing his authority.[161][175] A new Ottoman invasion against Serbia promoted a new reconciliation between Hunyadi and his opponents, and Hunyadi resigned the administration of part of the royal revenues and three royal fortresses, including Buda.[161][181] On the other hand, Hunyadi, Garai and Újlaki made an agreement that they would refrain the King from employing foreigners in the royal administration in June 1455.[180] Hunyadi and Count Ulrich were also reconciled in next month, when Hunyadi's younger son, Matthias and the Count's daughter, Elizabeth were engaged.[182][183]
Belgrade victory and death (1455–1456)
Gothic fresco of the Siege of Belgrade in the Church of Immaculate Conception of Virgin Mary in Olomouc (1468)
Hunyadi's tomb in Gyulafehérvár / Alba Iulia Catholic Cathedral.
Envoys from Raguza (Dubrovnik, Croatia) were the first to have informed the Hungarian leaders of the preparations that Mehmed II had made for an invasion against Hungary.[184] In a letter addressed to Hunyadi, whom he styled as "the Maccabeus of our time", the papal legate, Cardinal Juan Carvajal made it clear that there was not much chance of foreign assistance against the Ottomans.[185] With the Ottomans' support, Vladislav II of Wallachia even plundered the southern parts of Transylvania in late 1455.[186]
John of Capistrano, a Franciscan friar and papal inquisitor, started to preach an anti-Ottoman crusade in Hungary in February 1456.[187][188] The Diet ordered the mobilization of the armed forces in April, but most barons failed to obey and continued to war against their local adversaries, including the Hussites in Upper Hungary.[187][188] Before departing from Transylvania against the Ottomans, Hunyadi had to face a rebellion by the Vlachs in Fogaras County.[186] He also supported Vlad Dracula—a son of the late Vlad Dracul—to seize the Wallachian throne from Vladislav II.[186][189]
King Ladislaus V left Hungary for Vienna in May.[190] Hunyadi hired 5,000 Hungarian, Czech and Polish mercenaries and sent them to Nándorfehérvár, which was the key fortress of the defense of Hungary's southern frontiers.[191][190] The Ottoman forces marched through Serbia and approached Nándorfehérvár in June.[192] A crusade made up mostly of peasants from the nearby counties, who had been roused by John of Capistrano's fiery oratory, also started to assemble at the fortress in the first days of July.[193] The Ottoman siege of Nándorfehérvár, which was personally commanded by Sultan Mehmed II, began with the bombardment of the walls on 4 July.[194][190]
Hunyadi proceeded to form a relief army, and assembled a fleet of 200 ships on the Danube.[195] The flotilla assembled by Hunyadi destroyed the Ottoman fleet on 14 July.[195][196] This triumph prevented the Ottomans from completing the blockade, enabling Hunyadi and his troops to enter the fortress.[197][198] The Ottomans started a general assault on 21 July.[197][199] With the assistance of crusaders who were continuously arriving to the fortress, Hunyadi repulsed the fierce attacks by the Ottomans and broke into their camp on 22 July.[200][201] Although wounded during the fights, Sultan Mehmed II, decided to resist, but a riot in his camp forced him to lift the siege and retreat from Belgrade during the night.[196]
The crusaders' victory over the Sultan who had conquered Constantinople generated enthusiasm throughout Europe.[202] Processions to celebrate Hunyadi's triumph were made in Venice and Oxford.[202] However, in the crusaders' camp unrest was growing, because the peasants denied that the barons had played any role in the victory.[194][203] In order to avoid an open rebellion, Hunyadi and Capistrano disbanded the crusaders' army.[194][203]
Meanwhile a plague had broken out and killed many people in the crusaders' camp.[194] Hunyadi was also taken ill and died near Zimony (Zemun, Serbia) on 11 August.[196] [202] He was buried in the Roman Catholic St. Michael's Cathedral in Gyulafehérvár.[204]
[Hunyadi] governed the country with an iron rod, as they say, and while the king was away he was regarded as his equal. After routing the Turks at Belgrade [...], he survived for a brief time before dying of disease. When he was ill, they say that he forbade the Body of Our Lord to be brought to him, declaring that it was unworthy for a king to enter the house of a servant. Although his strength was failing, he ordered himself to be carried out to church, where he made his confession in Christian way, received the divine Eucharist, and surrendered his soul to God in the arms of the priests. Fortunate soul to have arrived in Heaven as both herald and author of the heroic action at Belgrade.
—Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini: Europe[205]
Family
In 1432, Hunyadi married Erzsébet Szilágyi (c. 1410–1483), a Hungarian noblewoman. John Hunyadi had two children, Ladislaus and Matthias Corvinus.[citation needed] The former was executed on the order of King Ladislaus V for the murder of Ulrich II of Celje, a relative of the king.[citation needed] The latter was elected king on 20 January 1458, Matthias after Ladislaus V's death. It was the first time in the history of the Kingdom of Hungary that a member of the nobility, without dynastic ancestry and relationship, mounted the royal throne.[citation needed]
Legacy
Statue of Hunyadi, Heroes' Square, Budapest, Hungary
Hungary's survival
The Noon Bell
Pope Callixtus III ordered the bells of every European church to be rung every day at noon, as a call for believers to pray for the Christian defenders of the city of Belgrade.[206] The practice of Noon bell is traditionally attributed to the international commemoration of the Belgrade victory and to the order of Pope Callixtus III.[207][208][209]
Personal Coat of arms – note the raven depicted on the escutcheon, the origin of the name Corvinus.
The custom still exists even among Protestant and Orthodox congregations. In the history of Oxford University, the victory was welcomed with a peal of bells and great celebrations in England too. Hunyadi sent a special courier (among other), Erasmus Fullar, to Oxford with the news of the victory.[210]
The national hero
Along with his son Matthias Corvinus, Hunyadi is considered a Hungarian national hero and praised as its defender against the Ottoman threat.[211][212][213][214]
Romanian historiography adopted Hunyadi and gives him a place of importance in the history of Romania too.[215] Although, Romanian national consciousness did not embrace him to the extent that Hungarian national conscience did.[215] John Hunyadi, a Hungarian hero, was subordinated to the ideology of National Communism in the era of Ceausescu and transmuted into a hero of Romania.[216]
Pope Pius II writes that Hunyadi did not increase so much the glory of the Hungarians, but especially the glory of the Romanians among whom he was born.[217][218][219][220]
The French writer and diplomat Philippe de Commines described Hunyadi as a very valiant gentleman, called the White Knight of Wallachia, a person of great honour and prudence, who for a long time had governed the kingdom of Hungary, and had gained several battles over the Turks[221]
Pietro Ranzano wrote in his work Annales omnium temporum (1490-1492) that John Hunyadi was commonly called "Ianco"' („Ioanne Huniate, Ianco vulgo cognominator). In chronicles written by Byzantine Greek authors (such as George Sphrantzes and Laonikos Chalkokondyles) he is called „Ianco/Iango”, „Iancou/Iangou”, „Iancos/Iangos”, „Iancoula/Iangoula”, „Gianco/Giango” and „Ghiangou”[222]
Hunyadi was "recognised as being Hungarian..." and "frequently called Ugrin Janko, 'Janko the Hungarian'" in the Serbian and Croatian societies of the 15th century,[223] while another bugarštica makes him of Serbian origin.[16] According to a bugarštica (a Serbian popular poem), he was the son of Despot Stefan Lazarević and Stefan's alleged wife, a girl from Hermannstadt (Sibiu, Romania).[224] Actually, the Despot did not father any children.[225] He is also portrayed as an ardent supporter of the Catholicization of Orthdox peoples[226]
In Bulgarian folklore, the memory of Hunyadi was preserved in the epic song hero character of Yankul(a) Voivoda, along with Sekula Detentse, a fictitious hero perhaps inspired by Hunyadi's nephew, Thomas Székely.[227]
Nicolaus Olahus was the nephew of John Hunyadi.[228]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Hunyadi.
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Mureşanu 2001, pp. 141-143.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 152.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 144.
Cartledge 2011, p. 58.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 150.
Fine 1994, p. 554.
Teke 1980, p. 174.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 168.
Teke 1980, p. 175.
Teke 1980, pp. 175-176.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 172.
Teke 1980, p. 177.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 173.
Bartl et al. 2002, p. 50.
Teke 1980, pp. 177-178.
Engel 2001, p. 292.
Teke 1980, p. 178.
Teke 1980, p. 181.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 176.
Bak 1994, p. 68.
Teke 1980, p. 180.
Teke 1980, p. 182.
Cartledge 2011, p. 59.
Bartl et al. 2002, pp. 50, 318.
Babinger 1978, p. 99.
Babinger 1978, pp. 99-100.
Engel 2001, p. 293.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 178.
Teke 1980, p. 185.
Engel 2001, p. 294.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 179.
Engel 2001, p. 295.
Teke 1980, pp. 189-190.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 182.
Teke 1980, pp. 190-191.
Teke 1980, pp. 191-192.
Teke 1980, p. 192.
Teke 1980, pp. 192-193.
Teke 1980, p. 195.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 183.
Teke 1980, p. 196.
Teke 1980, p. 198.
Mureşanu 2001, pp. 184-185.
Teke 1980, pp. 198, 231.
Babinger 1978, p. 110.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 184.
Babinger 1978, p. 124.
Teke 1980, p. 199.
Teke 1980, p. 201.
Engel 2001, pp. 294-295.
Teke 1980, p. 203.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 185.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 186.
Teke 1980, pp. 204-205.
Teke 1980, p. 206.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 188.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 191.
Teke 1980, p. 208.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 189.
Bolovan et al. 1997, p. 113.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 190.
Pop 2005, p. 296.
Babinger 1978, p. 139.
Teke 1980, p. 209.
Engel 2001, p. 296.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 195.
Cartledge 2011, p. 60.
Babinger 1978, p. 141.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 196.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 197.
Mureşanu 2001, pp. 197-199.
Stavrianos 2000, pp. 61-62.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 199.
Teke 1980, p. 217.
Mureşanu 2001, p. 200.
Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini: Europe (ch. 1.10.), p. 60.
István Lázár: Hungary: A Brief History (see in Chapter 6)
Kerny, Terézia (2008). "The Renaissance – Four Times Over. Exhibitions Commemorating Matthias’s Accession to the Throne". The Hungarian Quarterly (190/2008). Budapest, Hungary: Society of the Hungarian Quarterly. pp. 79–90. On July 22, 1456, John Hunyadi won a decisive victory at Belgrade over the armies of Sultan Mehmed II. Hunyadi’s feat—carried out with a small standing army combined with peasants rallied to fight the infidel by the Franciscan friar St John of Capistrano— had the effect of putting an end to Ottoman attempts on Hungary and Western Europe for the next seventy years, and is considered to have been one of the most momentous victories in Hungarian military history. The bells ringing at noon throughout Christendom are, to this day, a daily commemoration of John Hunyadi’s victory.
http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/hunyadi/hu01.htm
http://nq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/CLXVII/sep08/171-d
Imre Lukinich: A History of Hungary in Biographical Sketches (page: 109.)
Volume 7 of World and Its Peoples: Europe. Marshall Cavendish. 2009. p. 891. ISBN 978-0-7614-7883-6. In the war, Janos Hunyadi (1387–1456), subsequently a Hungarian national hero, emerged to lead Hungary's political life.
Shaw, Stanford Jay (1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-521-29163-7. Hunyadi had suddenly risen as the great Hungarian national hero as a result of his victories over the Turks in 1442.
Dupuy, Richard Ernest (1986). The encyclopedia of military history from 3500 B.C. to the present. Harper & Row, original from University of Michigan. p. 435. ISBN 978-0-06-181235-4. John Hunyadi, the national hero of Hungary, and his son Mathias Corvinus, who reigned as King of Hungary
Matthews, John P. C. (2007). Explosion: the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Hippocrene Books. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-0-7818-1174-3. One of the most powerful personalities in Hungarian history, Hunyadi established a national unity and order which transcended privileges and special interests and succeeded in raising Hungary to the status of a great power.
Boia 2001, pp. 135-136.
"Rethinking National Identity after National-Communism? The case of Romania (by Cristina Petrescu, University of Bucharest)". www.eurhistxx.de. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
C. Giurescu, Dinu; C. Giurescu, Constantin (1980). The making of the Romanian national unitary state. Meridiane Pub. House. p. 60.
C. Giurescu, Constantin (1969). Transylvania in the history of Romania: an historical outline. Garnstone Pub. House. p. 82.
Aurel Pop, loan (1997). Istoria Transilvaniei medievale: de la etnogeneza românilor până la Minai Viteazul (in Romanian). Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană. p. 82. ISBN 973-9261-24-8.
Burkhard Gotthelf Struve (1717). Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores aliquot insignes 2. p. 89.
Scoble, Andrew Richard. The Memoirs of Philippe De Commynes, Lord of Argenton (Volume 2); Containing the Histories of Louis Xi and Charles Viii, Kings of France. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-150-90258-1.
Tiberiu Ciobanu. EROI AI NEAMULUI ROMÂNESC - IANCU DE HUNEDOARA
Varga 1982, p. 66.
Chadwick & Chadwick 2010, p. 317.
Fine 1994, p. 523.
http://books.google.com/books?id=8LkrAQAAIAAJ&q=iancu+de&dq=iancu+de&hl=en&ei=uWl7TZy8O8ur8QPCv8SkCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBTgU
Балкански, Тодор (1996). Трансилванските (седмиградските) българи. Етнос. Език. Етнонимия. Ономастика. Просопографии (1 ed.). ИК Знак 94 Велико Търново. pp. 102–103.
http://books.google.com/books?id=Y4EsAQAAIAAJ&q=iancu+de&dq=iancu+de&hl=en&ei=CWt7TYS2M8ey8QO4xfC6Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBDgy
Sources
Primary sources
Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini: Europe (c. 1400-1458) (Translated by Robert Brown, introduced and commented by Nancy Bisaha) (2013). The Catholic University of America press. ISBN 978-0-8132-2182-3.
The Annals of Jan Długosz (An English abridgement by Maurice Michael, with commentary by Paul Smith) (1997). IM Publications. ISBN 1-901019-00-4.
Secondary sources
Babinger, Franz (1978). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09900-6.
Bak, János (1994). "The Late Medieval Period, 1382-1526". In Sugar, Peter F.; Hanák, Péter; Frank, Tibor. A History of Hungary. Indiana University Press. pp. 54–82. ISBN 963-7081-01-1.
Bartl, Július; Čičaj, Viliam; Kohútova, Mária; Letz, Róbert; Segeš, Vladimír; Škvarna, Dušan (2002). Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Slovenské Pedegogické Nakladatel'stvo. ISBN 0-86516-444-4.
Boia, Lucian (2001). History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness. CEU Press. ISBN 963-9116-96-3.
Bolovan, Ioan; Constantiniu, Florin; Michelson, Paul E.; Pop, Ioan Aurel; Popa, Cristian; Popa, Marcel; Scurtu, Ioan; Treptow, Kurt W.; Vultur, Marcela; Watts, Larry L. (1997). A History of Romania. The Center for Romanian Studies. ISBN 973-98091-0-3.
Cartledge, Bryan (2011). The Will to Survive: A History of Hungary. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-112-6.
Chadwick, H. Munro; Chadwick, Nora K. (2010). The Growth of Literature, Volume 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-31019-9.
E. Kovács, Péter (1990). Matthias Corvinus (in Hungarian). Officina Nova. ISBN 963-7835-49-0.
Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
Engel, Pál (2003). "Hunyadi pályakezdése [Hunyadi's early career]". In Csukovits, Enikő. Engel Pál. Honor, vár, ispánság: Válogatott tanulmányok [Pál Engel. Honour, Castle and County: Selected Studies]. Osiris Kiadó. pp. 512–526. ISBN 963-389-392-5.
Fine, John V. A (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
Hebron, Malcolm (1997). The Medieval Siege: Theme and Image in Middle English Romance. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-818620-7.
Kubinyi, András (2008). Matthias Rex. Balassi Kiadó. ISBN 978-963-506-767-1.
Makkai, László (1994). "The Three Nations of Transylvania (1360-1526)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit. History of Transylvania. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 178–243. ISBN 963-05-6703-2.
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Pop, Ioan-Aurel (2012). "The Names in the Family of King Matthias Corvinus: From Old Sources to Contemporary Historiography" (PDF). Ethnographica et folkloristica Carpathica (Debreceni Egyetem Néprajzi Tanszék). 17 / 35: 11–40. ISSN 0139-0600.
Stavrianos, L. S. (2000). The Balkans since 1453 (with a new Introduction by Traian Stoianovich). Hurst & Company. ISBN 978-1-85065-551-0.
Teke, Zsuzsa (1980). Hunyadi János és kora [John Hunyadi and his Times] (in Hungarian). Gondolat. ISBN 963-280-951-3.
Varga, Domokos (1982). Hungary in Greatness and Decline: the 14th and 15th centuries. Hungarian Cultural Foundation. ISBN 0-914648-11-X.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Further reading
Held, Joseph (1985). Hunyadi: Legend and Reality. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-88033-070-8.
Florescu, Radu and Raymond T. McNally (1990). Dracula, Prince of Many Faces: His Life and His Times. Back Bay Books. ISBN 0-316-28656-7.
Political offices
Preceded by
Franko Talovac Ban of Severin
alongside John Hunyadi, Jr. (1439–1440)
alongside Nicholas Újlaki (1445–1446)
1439–1446 Succeeded by
vacant
Preceded by
Ladislaus Jakcs
& Michael Jakcs Voivode of Transylvania
alongside Nicholas Újlaki
1441–1446 Succeeded by
Nicholas Újlaki
& Emeric Bebek
Preceded by
Emeric Bebek
& Stephen Bánfi Count of the Székelys
alongside Nicholas Újlaki
1441–1446 Succeeded by
Francis Csáki
Preceded by
George Orbonász Ispán of Temes
alongside Nicholas Újlaki (1441–1446)
1441–1456 Succeeded by
Ladislaus Hunyadi
Preceded by
Seven captains Regent of Hungary
1446–1452 Succeeded by
Ladislaus V
as King
Preceded by
Sebastian Rozgonyi Ispán of Pozsony
1450–1452 Succeeded by
Ladislaus Hunyadi
Preceded by
Ulrich II, Count of Celje Ispán of Trencsén
1454–1456
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